A wholesale business is an enterprise that purchases goods in large quantities from manufacturers and sells them in smaller quantities to retailers.
The wholesale sector plays a crucial role in the Indian economy, serving as a vital link between manufacturers and retailers. It facilitates the efficient distribution of goods, ensuring that products reach consumers on time. By supporting various industries and contributing to employment, the wholesale business enhances economic growth and stability. It fosters competition and innovation, benefiting consumers through better prices and product availability.
Traditional wholesale distributors serve as intermediaries between manufacturers and retailers. This will enable easy maintenance of large inventories of goods in warehouses. They ease bulk purchasing, letting retailers to get products at lower prices. They also let them offer more services. These services can be anything from logistics and inventory management to streamline the supply chain.
Online Wholesale Platforms
Online wholesale platforms have revolutionized the wholesale industry by enabling businesses to connect with suppliers and buyers through digital marketplaces. They Offer a wide range of products. The products have competitive pricing, and provide a lot of features. The products are chosen based on user reviews, secure payment options, and efficient shipping solutions. This makes it easier for small and medium-sized enterprises to access wholesale goods.
Niche Wholesale Markets
Niche wholesale markets focus on specific product categories or industries. These cater to specialized consumer needs. Such markets often emphasize unique or hard-to-find items. Such a demand enables wholesalers to build strong relationships with buyers. Such markets increase the competition in the business
Import/Export Wholesale Businesses
Regional wholesale operations focus on serving a specific geographic area, catering to local retailers and businesses. These operations typically emphasize building strong relationships with clients within their region, allowing for tailored services and quicker response times to market demands, which can enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty.
Regional vs. National Wholesale Operations
National wholesale operations, in contrast, operate on a broader scale, supplying goods to retailers across an entire country. These businesses often enjoy economies of scale, allowing them to negotiate better pricing with suppliers and offer competitive rates to their customers. They may also install advanced distribution networks to manage inventory and logistics effectively across diverse markets.
Start comprehensive market analysis to understand industry trends, customer preferences, and competitive landscape, ensuring informed decision-making for the wholesale business. Determine specific products to offer by evaluating market demand and sourcing reliable suppliers who can provide quality goods at competitive prices.
2. Business Plan
Plan a detailed business plan that outlines the business model, marketing strategies, operational procedures, and long-term goals to guide the establishment and growth of the wholesale venture.
3. Location and Space
Find a location which is accessible to your market’s target.
Decide whether to buy or lease a retail space.
Plan the store layout for customer engagement and efficient operations.
4. Financing
Calculate the amount of initial capital required.
Check out various funding options such as bank loans, personal savings, or investors.
To track expenses and income, set up accounting systems.
Explore various financing options, including loans, grants, and personal investments, while creating a budget that accounts for initial startup costs and ongoing operational expenses
5. Set Up Logistics and Storage
Efficient logistics and storage are crucial for a wholesale business. Ensure you have adequate warehouse space to store your inventory and a reliable transportation system to deliver products to customers.
Warehouse: Rent or purchase a warehouse that meets your storage needs. Consider criteria such as location, size, and security.
Transportation: Arrange for transportation services to ensure timely delivery of products. You can either hire a logistics company or invest in your own fleet of vehicles.
6. Staffing
Hire staff that meet your business needs.
Provide comprehensive training for product knowledge and customer service.
Establish policies for staff management and operations.
7. Marketing and Sales
Create a strong brand identity.
Develop a website and utilize social media.
Strategise advertising campaigns and promotions to drive customer traffic.
Focus on providing excellent customer service to retain customers.
8.Set Up a Distribution and Sales
Building a strong sales and distribution network is essential for the success of your wholesale business. Identify potential retailers, businesses, and other customers who will buy your products.
Sales Team: Hire a competent sales team to reach out to potential customers and close deals.
Distribution Channels: Establish efficient distribution channels to ensure smooth delivery of products. This could include direct sales, online platforms, or third-party distributors.
9. Launch and Evaluate
Consider a soft launch to test your operations before the official opening.
Plan a grand opening event to attract customers.
Collect customer feedback and make necessary adjustments to improve business operations.
The establishment of a business necessitates proper registration and the acquisition of relevant licenses to operate legally within the jurisdiction.
Tax Registration (GST)
It is essential to register for tax purposes, including obtaining a Goods and Services Tax (GST) registration, to ensure compliance with fiscal obligations.
Compliance With Local Regulations
Adherence to local regulations is critical, as businesses must align their operations with the laws and standards set forth by municipal and regional authorities.
Import/Export Permits (if applicable)
For businesses engaged in international trade, securing import and export permits is mandatory to ease the lawful movement of goods across borders.
Other Necessary Certifications
More certifications may be required depending on the nature of the business, which could include health, safety, or industry-specific qualifications to meet regulatory standards.
The wholesale business in India presents significant opportunities for growth and expansion. Such a growth is driven by the country’s vast consumer market. It is also dependent on the increasing demand for diverse products. The evolving landscape of retail, coupled with advancements in technology and logistics, has created a conducive environment for wholesale operations to sustain. As businesses adapt to changing consumer preferences and leverage digital platforms, the potential for profitability and market penetration in the wholesale sector becomes clear. Furthermore, government initiatives aimed at promoting ease of doing business and enhancing infrastructure will likely bolster the wholesale industry’s development, making it a promising avenue for entrepreneurs and investors alike.
FAQ
How can I start my own wholesale business?
To start one’s own wholesale business one is required to do market research, business plan, location, financing, staffing, marketing and lastly distribution and sales.
How can I get an FMCG license in India?
FMCG license is required to have various kinds of licenses depending on the product, a food product must be licensed by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI).
What are the types of wholesalers?
Wholesale businesses are of various kinds like traditional wholesale businesses, online wholesale businesses, niche wholesale businesses, import/export wholesale businesses etc.
How to write a business plan on wholesale?
To create a detailed business plan one must outline the business model, marketing strategies, operational procedures, and long-term goals to guide the establishment and growth of the wholesale venture.
The global wholesale market grew from $42,048.41 billion in 2021 to $45,502.44 billion in 2022 at a CAGR of 8.2%. In August 2022, total wholesaler sales in the US amounted to almost $700 billion, an increase of about $100 billion year-on-year.
Wholesalers’ Monthly Sales in the US from Jan 2017 to Aug 2022
Are you thinking of starting your wholesale business but confused about where to begin? Don’t worry! We understand how overwhelming it can get when you try to start a new business.
Right now, you might be struggling with questions like what to sell, where to sell, how to start selling, how much capital you need to invest, and so on.
Here are answers to all your questions related to wholesale business to help you get ready for future challenges.
Let’s start with the very basics. The companies manufacture the products that are ultimately sold to the customers by the retail shopkeepers.
However, there is a connecting link between these two units i.e. manufacturer and seller, those are known as wholesale distributors. They manage and transfer the goods from the companies to the retailers.
They make a profit by buying the goods at a lower price from the companies and selling them to small or big shopkeepers at a higher price.
Majorly, wholesale distributors sell their products to retailers, contractors, merchants, institutional and commercial users, etc., who need bulk supplies.
As a wholesale distributor, you run an independently operated firm that buys products directly from the manufacturer, thus, taking ownership of the products. These products are stored in the warehouse, from where they are supplied to your customers. It is similar to the retail business except that you will be dealing in a B2B realm.
The wholesale industry is large. In the US there are about 330,000 companies involved in the wholesale distribution industry with an annual sale of around $7 trillion.
In this situation, you need to have certain skills to succeed in this business such as great negotiation skills, the ability to find the next bestseller before anyone else, and above all, amazing salesmanship to make a deal appear irresistible to your customers.
In addition to these skills you also need good operational and management skills, especially to handle backend activities such as warehouse setup and organization, shipping and receiving, etc.
This is a service business where you have to understand the need of your customers and find ways to serve them well or we should say better than your competitors.
Also, you will need a warehouse to keep your purchased goods. The size of the warehouse will vary as per the product/s you are dealing with. It is always important to have enough storage space as many wholesale businesses suffer losses owing to storage shortages.
It is also suggested to have a warehouse not very far off from the market so you can easily supply goods to the customers without incurring a high delivery cost.
However, the problem is that the prices of land at such places are quite high and usually beyond a beginner’s budget. In such a situation, it is advised to lease or rent a place.
If you do not store the goods at your facility and instead directly supply them from the manufacturer to the seller, you are working as a broker. The difference between a broker and a distributor is that the distributor takes the title and legal ownership of the product before selling them further.
The broker, on the other hand, uses dropshipping services and supplies the products directly from manufacturer to customer without bearing the storage costs.
How to start your wholesale business?
There are three ways to start a wholesale business. The first option is to start from scratch. This would require a good amount of investment both in terms of time and money, as well as a great deal of hard work as you will have to do everything on your own.
Establishing a warehouse, finding the right product to sell, choosing the buyers and sellers, etc., alone can be very hectic. The investment in this case will vary depending on the type of product you want to sell.
Alongside, you would also require a good knowledge of sales and marketing. It is a complete “make or break” scenario where everything is on your shoulders.
The second option is buying an existing business. This is a costly option and in addition to that, it has its kind of risk involved. The reputation and level of success of the previous owner would have a great impact on your business.
However, there are certain advantages associated with this business model. You will inherit the customer base along with the business as well as you can have the seller’s knowledge bank from the previous owner.
The third option is buying a business opportunity. This is the riskiest option out of all. You will have to explore all the business opportunities thoroughly before you finally decide to invest your time and money into them.
However, if you can finally strike the right opportunity it would mean quick success as you get support and training from the originating company.
Before you choose any of the above-mentioned options you will first have to analyze your financial situation. How much capital are you willing to invest in the beginning? It is a major question that is posed to every businessman at the initial stage.
The answer to this question will also decide the products that you will sell through your wholesale business. While considering the financial requirements you must also include the miscellaneous costs such as telephone, computer system, delivery vehicle, etc.
However, there are many ways to make your business cost-effective. Just like you can lease a space for a warehouse similarly you can collaborate with shipping companies such as FedEx for the delivery of your products without having to purchase a delivery vehicle or having a regular driver.
Moreover, you must also be sure about the time you are ready to devote to your business. For example, if you are doing a job you might only be looking after it part-time. Although full-time commitment is usually associated with speedy success you must remember that it requires at least 2-5 years to make a business profitable.
Once you are sure about which product you want to sell and how much time you are ready to invest the next step is to find reliable suppliers, who sell quality products at a reasonable price, and develop a good customer base.
When all your background work and checks are done you are finally ready to start your wholesale business. But, wait there are certain legal formalities you also need to take care of. For example, in India, you will have to obtain a trade license for your business that can be obtained from a local government body, and a GST registration is required for businesses that have a turnover of more than 20,00,000.
It is better to discuss this with a professional lawyer before you start so you can get all the necessary paperwork. Having all the legal formalities complete will not just leave you stress-free for the future but will also give you the confidence to move forward rapidly.
Once you start running the wholesale business your daily routine would include work such as sales and marketing operations, regularly contacting existing customers, processing orders, supporting dissatisfied customers, inventory control, etc. that require regular attention.
Having control of all these activities is the key to a successful wholesale business.
Who can be your customer?
As the customers form the foundation of any business you must specify your customer base beforehand. This will also help you to plan your business strategies well to meet their requirements and demands.
Moreover, remember the larger your customer base the more profitable your business gets. There are majorly three types of customer bases in any wholesale business. They are:
Retail businesses: These include retailers such as local shopkeepers, grocery stores, independent supermarkets, etc.
Retail distributors: These include distributors who can approach some retailers that may be unapproachable to you.
Other wholesale distributors: These may serve as your customers only when you have some exclusive contracts or limited deals in hand.
It is not necessary to choose only one of them as your customer, you can explore your opportunities while being in the market and escalate your customer base irrespective of their background.
Choosing the right product to sell
This is the most important question as the success of your wholesale business is completely dependent on choosing the right product at the right time for the right market.
Thorough market research is required to be done before you can finally answer this question. Moreover, you will need to pay attention to the right strategy of planning, price factor, and unique selling points.
Although the market keeps fluctuating but depending on our research here is the list of the 10 best wholesale products that can help you earn profit in the Indian market:
Organic foods
Homepage of One the Fast-Growing Organic Food Startups
With people becoming more and more health conscious the demand for organic food is rapidly increasing in the market. Although large numbers of people are already in this business there is still space for more.
Several new and old companies are entering this field owing to its recent attraction and these companies need distributors. This is where your role comes into the picture. You can approach these companies and help them create brand value for their products through your marketing and selling skills.
If you can capture the market this will help you grow as a wholesale distributor not just in the domestic but international market as well.
Agrochemical business
India is an agriculture-dominated country. Even today 54.6% of our total workforce is engaged in agricultural activities. This makes the wholesale distribution of agrochemicals a potential business opportunity.
The agriculture industry requires several pieces of equipment that can help you earn huge profits and opportunities. Then there are fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides, organic seeds, crops, and multiple other options to choose from.
If you have land near the countryside and the opportunity to start a wholesale business, investing in this industry can prove to be a breakthrough for you.
Furniture distribution
With the real estate business at its hype and an increasing number of startups and offices, furniture is in high demand. Moreover, owing to the post-pandemic era as most companies and offices are reopening they are looking for new interiors.
Therefore, this business may help you earn huge profits. Also, it is an easy-to-handle business that is required both in rural as well as urban areas.
Further, with the new advanced technology variety of furniture options are available in the market such as portable, multipurpose, all-in-one, etc. You can choose any of these options depending on the market where you want to sell your products.
Textile business
This business has the potential to create huge profit opportunities in the Indian market. There are a lot of products that you can sell to become a part of this wholesale business. For example, sewing machines, threads, textiles, readymade garments, accessories, safety clothing, upholstery, footwear, etc.
This business has served the old as well as new entrepreneurs to make their presence felt in the market.
However, initiating this business would require good field knowledge and preferably some job experience in the same field.
Jewelry business
Although this business would require a large amount of initial capital investment, it is one of the evergreen business options.
This would also require you to build a spotless image that can be trusted by your customers. Being a costly item people usually prefer to buy it from renowned sellers. This would also need a huge client base.
Ayurvedic medicine
Homepage of One the Wellness Food Startups in India
This is one of the most high-demand businesses. Today, people are turning towards yoga and Ayurveda for most of their health issues. Allopathic doctors are only consulted in the time of emergency.
This makes the ayurvedic medicine business one of the most profitable in recent times. Several companies are selling ayurvedic products ranging from medicines to haircare, skincare, and groceries. Also, there are categories like luxury products, pocket-friendly items, etc.
All these companies require good retailers who can help them reach their products to customers and establish them as trustworthy brands. Considering all this ayurvedic medicine business can be a great business opportunity.
Stationery business
Whether it is a school, college, or even a corporate house, stationery items are required everywhere. This is also one of the most profitable wholesale businesses in the market. Moreover, it does not require much investment.
To run a profitable business you will have to select your target market and sell the products to their needs.
The demand for toys may change with time and age but you have to select the target customer you want to cater to. You will have to find the right manufacturers producing good quality products and then bring them to the market for your customers.
These products have a huge profit margin and are always in demand. Therefore, wholesale distribution of children’s toys is an area full of opportunities.
Snacks
Just like toys, this is also a large and always in-demand market. There are a variety of snack options available in the market which are consumed by people of every age.
Health-conscious people may go for baked or non-fried snacks, children may prefer a different variety. But the market is large and so is the opportunity.
If you can choose the right snacks that are liked by your target customers, your business can flourish in no time.
Kitchenwares
Homepage of One the Top Home Appliances Brands in India
The kitchen is the essence of every household, and every kitchen requires utensils such as pans, cookers, serving dishes, crockery, etc. There are a variety of items that can be sold.
You have to find quality products for your customers and make them available at attractive prices or with offers they cannot resist.
Conclusion
Wholesale distribution is a timeless business that can be profitable provided that you can choose your product and industry well. Also, having reliable suppliers and a good customer base is a must for the wholesale business.
Also, you should have great negotiation skills along with the ability to find the next best product before your competitors. Good operational and management skills will help you make your mark in this field.
Finally, if you work hard, can choose the right product, and craft deals that are loved by your customers, your wholesale business is sure to succeed.
FAQs
How do I start my own wholesale business?
First of all, analyze your financial situation. Having a good knowledge of sales and marketing is an added advantage. You must also be sure about the time you are ready to devote to your business.
If you start from scratch, you will have to put energy into establishing a warehouse, finding the right product, choosing the buyers and sellers, etc. If you are ready to take the risk and have enough money, you can buy an existing business or a business opportunity.
Is wholesale a profitable business?
Yes, wholesale is a profitable business if you do it right. In August 2022, total wholesaler sales in the US amounted to an estimated value of almost $700 billion, which is an increase of about $100 billion year-on-year.
What are the skills required to start a wholesale distribution business?
Here are some of the skills required to start a wholesale distribution business:
Great negotiation skills
The ability to find the next bestseller before anyone else
Amazing salesmanship to make a deal appear irresistible to your customers.
Good operational and management skills, especially to handle backend activities such as warehouse setup and organization, shipping and receiving, etc.
German retailer Metro AG which is trying to sell its Indian cash-and-carry operations for around $1.5-1.75 billion has caught the attention of a lot of big companies.
Companies like Reliance Retail, Amazon, TATA Group, Avenue Supermarts — which runs the DMart chain, Thailand’s Charoen Pokphand (CP) Group, Swiggy, Lulu Group, and PE fund Samara Capital are in the race to buy the Indian unit of Metro AG.
But, why are these companies eyeing Metro AG? What does Metro AG exactly do? To find answers to these questions, keep reading this article till the end.
Relative Market Share of Metro Cash and Carry India from FY17 to FY20
Metro AG is a German international specialist in wholesale and food retail which has made its footprints in 34 countries. The headquarters of this company is in Düsseldorf, Germany. The company operates under the cash and carry wholesale business model.
In the cash and carry model, retailers, caterers, hotels, restaurants and other special businesses purchase the goods from a wholesale warehouse and pay the invoice on the spot in cash. Customers have to arrange the transport of the goods themselves.
The Indian subsidiary of Metro was established in 2003 when the Indian government allowed 100% foreign direct investment in wholesale trade on a cash and carry business model.
The company has a chain of 31 cash-and-carry stores in India under the brand, Metro Wholesale. Only business customers can buy goods from these wholesale centres.
Main Products and Services of Metro AG
Metro Cash and Carry India provides 7,000 products to its business customers across various categories like fruits & vegetables, dairy, frozen and bakery products, general grocery, health and beauty products, media and electronics, confectionery, detergents and cleaning supplies, household goods and apparel – all under one warehouse at wholesale prices.
Target Audience of Metro AG
On Metro’s official website, the company has mentioned that its core customers in the Indian market include small retailers and Kirana stores, SMEs, and all types of offices, companies and institutions. The company also targets HoReCa- Hotels, Restaurants and Caterers.
Why Metro AG Wants to Exit the Indian Market?
Metro AG India
Metro AG generated a whopping revenue of $898 million in FY21 (Oct-Sept) and is likely to close the current fiscal year with more than $1 billion in revenues with an EBITDA growth of 30-40%. Last fiscal the EBITDA growth was 50%.
Even after earning so much revenue, why does the company want to exit the Indian market? The reason is increased competition. When Metro AG entered the Indian market in 2013, there were not a lot of players. But, now the situation has completely changed. Metro AG is facing tough competition from Reliance and Udaan.
To fight the competitors the company has to spend $300 million to stay relevant in the market in the short term. But, the parent company METRO is not ready to spend this huge amount to beat its competitors.
Although tough competition is not the only reason for the company to surrender their Indian unit.
“Selling below cost and free delivery of goods are the issues. Most competitors are operating at negative 20-25% EBITDA,” said an industry veteran who doesn’t want his name mentioned in the article.
“At Metro, we regularly assess our international portfolio, such as our market position in the respective country, the life cycle of our operations, and the growth potential of our business. This is a general approach and normal business applied to all countries, including India,” said Gerd Koslowski, the company’s global director of corporate communications.
Metro wants a profitable business in India which is not possible in the near future and that’s why the company is selling its Indian unit.
Last year the company exited Japan and Myanmar due to increased competition. The company has also closed its business in Russia due to its war with Ukraine.
The company has appointed JP Morgan and Goldman Sachs, the most respected investment banks, to find a buyer for their business.
According to Statista, the Indian retail market in 2020 was worth 800 billion USD. By 2026, this figure will reach 1.7 trillion USD. The Indian quick commerce market will reach $5 billion by 2025.
Since Metro AG already has a huge chain of warehouses, wholesalers and retailers, this gives these companies a big chance to tap into the booming retail and quick commerce market. This is the very reason why all of the big companies are fighting to buy the Metro AG.
The company which is trying to disrupt the retail and quick commerce segment is Reliance. The company has already made huge efforts since 2021 to build a large number of wholesale centres for food and grocery, apparel, electronics, and medicines. Reliance is also integrating numerous small shops into its business strategy. Mukesh Ambani has said that they are planning to onboard more than 10 million merchant partners over the next three years.
The main goal of the company is to supply a range of products to consumers through its eCommerce platform JioMart. Reliance already has a huge chain of warehouses and if they acquire Metro AG they would achieve this goal really fast.
But, let’s look at the bigger picture. Reliance is trying to build its own ecosystem. The company wants Indians to use its services from the morning to the night. Consumers can buy products from their eCommerce platform, JioMart using Jio’s mobile or WiFi networks, watch movies on Jio Cinema and pay the money via Jio wallet. Like this, the customers will stay in their eco-system for a long period of time.
Another company that wants to leverage the retail and quick commerce segment is Swiggy. The company wants to expand its current food delivery business model to the quick commerce segment. By acquiring Metro AG the company wants to accelerate Instamart’s growth.
“Swiggy has evinced interest in the acquisition, and a potential deal would enable Metro Cash & Carry’s wholesale stores to feed Swiggy’s Instamart delivery model,” one of the executives said.
“The idea is to create a hub-and-spoke model where Metro stores will supply to Instamart stores, which could be delivery-only or even stores where consumers can walk in.”
Conclusion
All the companies know the bright future of the retail business and quick commerce segment. The companies know that if they acquire Metro AG, they would be able to capture the market quickly. Now, it’s very tough to predict which company will buy Metro AG but, this race would be quite interesting to watch.
Big players in the quick commerce segment like Zomato and Swiggy are not making huge profits. But, if the companies build a smart business model then the quick commerce field can help generate huge profits for any company.
FAQs
What is a cash and carry store?
In cash and carry stores customers buy products from warehouses and settle the invoice in cash and carry the goods with them. Customers have to arrange the transport of the goods themselves. Usually, these customers are retailers, caterers, hotels and restaurants.
Is Metro cash and carry closing in India?
Yes, Metro cash and carry is exiting the Indian market by selling its Indian operations for $1.5-1.75 billion.
How many Metro wholesale stores are there in India?
Metro has 31 wholesale stores in India.
Is Metro an Indian brand?
Metro AG is a German international specialist in wholesale and food retail which has made its footprints in 34 countries. The headquarters of this company is in Düsseldorf, Germany. The company operates under the cash and carry wholesale business model.