Tag: Patent

  • AT&T: Transforming Communication Through Innovation

    Company Profile is an initiative by StartupTalky to publish verified information on different startups and organizations. The content in this post has been approved by AT&T

    Telecommunication has made a positive impact on society by helping businesses grow their network. It makes long-distance communications easier via electronic modes. Though we are living in a global village where even America is just a phone call away, the beginning stages of telecommunication were not that easy. AT&T company is the descendant of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company which holds the pride of connecting most parts of America via telephone networks.

    Company Name AT&T Inc
    Headquarters Whitacre Tower, Downtown Dallas, Texas
    Industry Telecommunication Technology
    Founders Alexander Graham Bell, Gardiner Greene, Hubbard
    Founded October 5, 1983
    Website Att.com

    AT&T – About
    AT&T – Industry
    AT&T – Founders and Team
    AT&T – Startup Story
    AT&T – Mission and Vision
    AT&T – Name and Logo
    AT&T – Business Model
    AT&T – Revenue Model
    AT&T – Employees
    AT&T – Challenges Faced
    AT&T – Funding and Investors
    AT&T – Mergers and Acquisitions
    AT&T – Awards and Achievements
    AT&T – Competitors
    AT&T – Future Plans

    AT&T – About

    AT and T company’s origin dates back to 1876 when Alexander Graham Bell first invented the telephone. He secured a patent for the device when he first made the wire transmission of intelligible speech. In 1877, a year after the invention, he and two other investors Gardiner C. Hubbard and Thomas Sanders, formed the Bell Telephone Company. Later, in the next year, they sold it to a group of financiers. The Bell company was already in a race with the leading telegraph company, Western Union Company, regarding the development of telephone services. In 1881, Bell bought Western Electric, the leading maker of telegraphic equipment, and became the most dominant manufacturer of telephone equipment.

    During most parts of the 20th century, AT and T ruled the phone service of the United States as a monopoly. The Bell Telephone company formed American Telephone and Telegraph Company as a subsidiary company in 1885. In 1899, American Bell Company transferred its assets to its subsidiary, resulting in the formation of AT&T as the parent company. The company was rebranded as AT and T Corp. in 1994.  

    AT&T – Industry

    The telecom industry in the United States is valued at $412.4B in 2021 and is expected to grow at higher rates in the upcoming years. Telecom companies are competing to become the fast-paced, greater network in the global market. To succeed companies are taking equal efforts in understanding customer needs worldwide. Global needs are constantly changing and industry knowledge and updation are necessary to survive the position. Currently, omnichannel strategy and extensive technology investments are mandatory as the growth is rapid like 5G.

    AT and T is the world’s largest telecommunication company in terms of revenue. It is also the third largest company in providing mobile telephone services. The revenue from the sector is likely to increase by 17% per annum as per the reports.

    AT&T – Founders and Team

    AT&T was founded by Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas A. Watson, and Gardiner Greene Hubbard in 1875. AT&T underwent a lot of transformations and reformations between 1982 and 2004.

    AT&T Founders
    AT&T Founders – Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas A. Watson, Gardiner Greene Hubbard

    Alexander Graham Bell

    Graham Bell is an inventor, scientist, and engineer who invented the practical telephone. He is the co-founder of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) in 1885. He started the idea of establishing the company immediately after getting the patent rights for the telephone. He grew the idea and the company along with two other investors.

    Thomas A. Watson

    Born in Massachusetts, United States, Thomas A. Watson was a bookkeeper and a carpenter before Alexander Graham Bell hired him. He is known for the invention of the telephone. Being the recipient of the first phone call, his name was the first ever word said on the telephone. Watson took great pride in his role as an inventor, having developed numerous telephone accessories that helped to enhance the user experience.

    Gardiner Greene

    Gardiner Greene Hubbard was an American lawyer, financier, and community leader. He was the co-founder and the first president of the Bell Telephone Company which was later known as AT and T. He was also the founder and president of the National Geographic Society.

    AT&T – Startup Story

    AT and T company started as Bell telecommunication company when the telephone was first introduced. In 1885, Bell became an American Bell Telecommunication company, and AT&T company was formed as one of its subsidiaries. In 1899, AT&T acquired the assets of its parent company. It established a network of local telephones along with all its subsidiaries in the United States and became a monopoly in the sector. The monopoly continued mostly through the twentieth century. The Bell system was also known by the nickname Ma Bell.

    Later, in 1982, the US regulators broke up the AT&T monopoly by grouping them into seven individual companies. These new companies were called Regional Bell Operating Companies, informally Baby Bells. AT&T continued to operate successfully in providing long-distance services despite the increasing overseas competition.

    SBC (Southwestern Bell Corporation) was one of the breakups of AT&T. SBC made a series of acquisitions in the late 80s and early 90s. The acquisitions include Metromedia mobile business and several cable companies. When SBC acquired 2 baby bells and several other telecommunication companies in the latter part of the 1990s, the company changed its name to SBC Communications Inc., Later, in 1998, the company was in the top 15 of the Fortune 500. In 1999, AT&T was part of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.

    AT&T purchased its former parent and other companies between 2005 – 2013. Though it follows the corporate structure and stock price histories of SBC from 2005, it claims its original history dates to 1877. Following several acquisitions and rebranding including DirecTV and several other satellite channels, AT&T reorganized itself into four main units. The units are,

    • Communications
    • AT&T Mobility
    • Film and Television Production
    • Advertising and Analytics

    AT&T – Mission and Vision

    AT&T had various plans in the sector from 2013 when they settled clearly as a top service provider in the US. They planned various launches including the satellite-operated HBO television which got launched in 2020. They invested and divested various capital to diversify the company. Now, they are an unbeatable top company in the industry.

    The mission of AT&T is “Innovate and get there first”. The company’s mission statement includes the purpose, value, and goals of the business.

    Their vision says  “We aspire to be the most admired and valuable company in the world”. By enriching and making the lives of people easier, they bring the most exciting modes of communication to the market.

    AT&T Name and Logo
    AT&T Name and Logo

    AT&T was formerly known as Bell company. AT and T stand for American Telephone and Telegraph Company. As a credit to the founders, AT&T had a logo of a bell in its early stages which was later reshaped into an emblem.

    AT&T – Business Model

    Though AT&T has various operations and businesses, the mainstream income is from communication operations. They provide various kinds of telecommunication services which include wireless services, TV Broadband, and much more. The acquisition and provision of assets and businesses usually go into the rebranding expenses.  

    AT&T – Revenue Model

    AT&T is a top service provider in the telecommunication sector. It derives its income from various sources, including the wireless phone business, broadband, and TV operations. The revenue generally flows from subscription mobile, fixed-line, and wireless broadband services.

    Setting up AT&T Internet

    AT&T – Employees

    As of January 2022, AT&T had 2,03,000 employees. This count has declined by 11.74% since then. The higher officials have taken steps to keep the door glass by providing a friendly atmosphere and embracing actions to improve the value of employment. AT&T is a job grind with a 90% turnover rate in the first year of employment. AT&T employees get the benefit of accessing the services of their company at a discounted price and also access to television options like HBO Max, and STARZ at no extra cost.

    AT&T – Challenges Faced

    Like every other sector, telecommunication also has its pros and cons. AT&T has also faced many challenges and struggles to reach the position of the largest company. The three major challenges faced by the company are,

    • Defending the Time Warner merger, and convincing the regulators
    • Defending its zero-rating strategies. By offering data-free consumption of DirecTV on mobile and home devices, it became an unfair strategy to other streaming companies like Netflix
    • The struggle to keep the debt level under control even after the acquisitions

    AT&T – Funding and Investors

    The company goes through funding rounds frequently to get some funds to run the company network smoothly. The recent funding round in Jan 2023 has a fundraising of $2,200,000 from the Kansas Office of Broadband Development.

    AT&T – Mergers and Acquisitions

    The company has a greater history of acquisitions. The total acquisitions of AT&T are 32 till now. The latest and key acquisitions are listed below.

    Acquisition Acquired Date
    AlienVault July 2018
    AppNexus June 2018
    Fiber Tower Jan 2017
    Iusacell Nov 2014
    Nextel Mexico Jan 2015
    AppNexus June 2018
    NextWave Wireless 2005
    Centennial Wireless 1988

    AT&T – Awards and Achievements

    • AT&T has won the J.D. Power 2021 Business Wireline Satisfaction Award for large enterprises and medium businesses for the second straight year.
    • Since 2017-2021, the company has been recognized as the No. 1 telecommunications company, based on factors such as innovation, social responsibility, and human capital management.
    • AT&T Business also won the 2020 Company of the Year Award for the Global Cellular Internet of Things (IoT) Industry, Excellence in Best Practices. Frost & Sullivan, a business consulting firm, granted the award to recognize AT&T Business for visionary innovation, market-leading performance, and unmatched customer care.

    AT&T – Competitors

    The company is a multinational holding business and has the biggest mobile telephone services. This calls for competitors all over the world. Here, is a list of leading competitors for AT&T to know about.

    • Verizon
    • Vodafone
    • COX
    • Singtel
    • America Movil
    • KDDI
    • Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation
    • Comcast
    • Telefonica

    AT&T – Future Plans

    The company has strong growth potential due to its competitive performance in the current macroeconomic environment. In 2022, AT&T shares have climbed an increasing stream of 3.9%. By 2025, 75% of its network footprint will be served via fiber and 5G. It will also have reduced its copper services footprint by 50%.

    FAQs

    Who is currently the CEO of AT&T?

    John T. Stankey is the CEO of AT&T since July 1, 2020.

    What is AT&T used for?

    What is AT&T used for?AT&T Inc (AT&T) is a provider of telecommunications, media, and technology services. The company offers wireless communications, data/broadband and internet services, local and long-distance telephone services, telecommunications equipment, and managed networking.

    How much debt does AT&T have?

    The long-term debt for the quarter of September 2022 was $123.854B.

    Which is the largest acquisition for AT&T?

    The largest acquisition of AT&T to date is WarnerMedia for $108.7B in 2016.

  • Complete Guide on Intellectual Property, Patents, and How Is It Beneficial for Your Business?

    Intellectual property (IP) is a term that is often heard, but what does it mean? IP refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, and images used in business. It is protected in law by patents, copyright, and trademarks, which enable people to earn recognition or financial benefit from what they invent or create.

    Different types of intellectual property exist for the protection of individual business secrets. Understanding the legalities and regulations around copyrights, trademarks, and patents is essential for people who want to protect their intellectual property rights.

    Article 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, talks about the protection of ethical and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of any creator or author.

    Patents grant creators an exclusive right to stop others from commercially exploiting their inventions without permission. Copyright protects original works of authorship including literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic works such as songs, books, paintings, and photographs. Trademarks protect distinctive marks, logos, or symbols that identify a product or service and distinguish it from others.

    History of Intellectual Property
    Importance of Intellectual Properties for Businesses
    Types of Intellectual Properties:

    How to Decide Whether Your Business Needs a Trademark, Copyright, or Patent?
    Trademark, Copyright, or Patent Requires an Attorney?
    Costs Involved in the Application of Intellectual Property Protection
    Consequences of Violation of Intellectual Property Rights


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    History of Intellectual Property

    Logo of World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
    Logo of World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)

    The legal development of copyrights, trademarks, and patents has been a key part of the development of society. In 1624, England passed the first copyright law to protect authors from having their works copied without permission or compensation.

    In the 18th and 19th centuries, copyrights were expanded to cover more works such as software, maps, motion pictures, and even compilations of facts. The concept of protecting trademarks and logos was developed in the late 1800s with the creation of the Paris Convention for Protection of Industrial Property (1883) and the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (1886) which was later followed by the Madrid Agreement for Repression (1891).

    Since then, countries around the world have continued to develop their laws and regulations to protect intellectual property rights based on the above laws. IP promotes ease of doing business and allows smooth transfer of technology.

    World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is responsible for IPR protection and its sole authority for IP Rights. The above treaties were also facilitated by WIPO.

    Importance of Intellectual Properties for Businesses

    The IP system seeks to create an environment where innovation and creativity can flourish by finding the correct balance between innovators’ interests and the larger public interest.

    Businesses need to understand how IP protection works and take steps to protect their creations. Through copyrights, trademarks, and patents, businesses can enjoy the monetary benefits of their innovations while also safeguarding them from misuse and exploitation.

    Ultimately, this encourages further investment in creativity, allowing more people to benefit from originality and innovation. IPR is responsible for well being of human growth and its capacity to create and innovate new things for humanity.

    Types of Intellectual Properties:

    Copyrights

    Copyrights are a form of protection provided to the authors or creators of original works. This includes literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic works such as books, movies, music, photographs, and software. The copyright owner has exclusive rights regarding the reproduction and distribution of their work.

    Table of copyright duration by country (Source: Wikipedia)

    Countries Copyright terms based on author’s deaths Copyright terms based on publications and creation dates
    Australia Life + 70 years Life + 50 years (death before 1955) 70 years from publication (sound recordings, cinematograph films) and 50 years after making (television broadcasts and sound)
    Canada Life + 70 years (except certain posthumous works) Life + 50 years (death before 1972) 75 years from publication or 100 years from creation, whichever is shorter (anonymous works)
    Denmark Life + 70 years
    European Union Life + 70 years Anonymous or pseudonymous works only: "70 years after the work is lawfully made available to the public" (Art.1(3)). Protection ends if the work is not made available within 70 years from creation. (Art.1(6))
    Finland Life + 50 years 50 years from publication and creation (sound recordings, television broadcasts, sound broadcasts, and photographic works)
    France Life + 70 years (except posthumous works published after this term)* 70 years from publication (pseudonymous, anonymous or collective works)
    Germany Life + 70 years 25 years from first publication or first public performance if copyright has expired before such publication or performance, or if the work has never been protected in Germany and the author died more than 70 years before the first publication
    Hong Kong Life + 50 years (literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works with known authorship) Life + 50 years (Films) 50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works with unknown authorship)
    India Life + 60 years (except posthumous works) 60 years from publication (posthumous works, photographs, cinematograph films, sound recordings, works of public undertakings, and works of international organizations)
    Iran Life + 50 years 30 years from publication (photographic or cinematographic works)
    Israel Life + 70 years 50 years from publication (photographs created until May 2007)
    Italy Life + 70 years 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)
    Japan Life + 70 years 70 years from publication, or if unpublished, 70 years from creation (cinematographic works)
    South Korea Life + 70 years (amended on 2011-06-30) 70 years from publication
    Netherlands Life + 70 years 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work, corporate works with no listed natural author)[
    New Zealand Life + 50 years (literary, dramatic, musical, or artistic work) 50 years from creation (computer-generated work)
    Pakistan Life + 50 years
    Russia Life + 70 years Life + 74 years (for those who fought 1941-45) 50 years from creation and 70 years from publication (anonymous works
    Taiwan (Republic of China) Life + 50 years (except posthumous works first published 40 to 50 years after death) 50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)
    Turkey Life + 70 years 70 years from publication for work-for-hire
    United Arab Emirates (UAE) Life + 50 years
    United Kingdom Life + 70 years If multiple authors are involved the + 70 years after last author’s survival 70 years if the author is unknown or unknown
    United States Life + 70 years (works published since 1978 or unpublished works) 95 years from publication or 120 years from creation whichever is shorter (anonymous works, pseudonymous works, or works made for hire, published since 1978)

    Patents

    Ranking of the national patent offices with the most patent grants in 2021
    Ranking of the national patent offices with the most patent grants in 2021

    Patents protect inventions, from a new type of machine to an innovative product or process. The patent owner has exclusive rights to exploit the invention commercially and prevent others from using it without their permission. There are two types of patents utility patents and design patents.

    Trademarks

    Trademark applications, total - Country Ranking
    Trademark Applications Country’s List 2019

    Trademarks are signs used to distinguish the goods or services of one company from those of another. This can include words, phrases, logos, designs, and symbols. Trademark owners have the exclusive right to use their trademark and prevent others from exploiting it without their permission.

    Trade secrets

    Trade secrets are confidential information related to a business that has commercial value. This can include recipes, customer lists, pricing strategies, or manufacturing processes. Such information is protected from unauthorized use or disclosure and its owners have exclusive rights over the exploitation of the secret.

    How to Decide Whether Your Business Needs a Trademark, Copyright, or Patent?

    IP Right applications 2019 2020 Growth (%), 2019-2020
    Patents 3,226,100 3,276,700 1.6
    Trademarks * 15,130,000 17,198,300 13.7
    Industrial designs * 1,361,000 1,387,800 2.0
    Plant variety 21,430 22,520 5.1

    Copyright and trademarks are typically available to protect creative works such as literary, artistic, or musical works. Patents can offer protection for inventions, products, processes, and methods of use.

    When creating a business plan, it is important to consider the various aspects of IP. This plan should consider what kind of IP might be appropriate for your business, the length of protection offered, the costs associated with protecting your IP, and how to ensure that your IP is adequately protected. By understanding the different forms of IP and their associated benefits, you can make informed decisions about which form of protection is most suitable for your business. This can help you to maximize the potential value of your products.

    It can be difficult to know how to apply intellectual property protections in a given context. Between trademark and copyright, there may be some overlap. Additionally, some odd works initially appear to defy classification.

    The following recommendations can help you defend some particular works and categories:

    • Names, phrases, and symbols associated with a brand or company can be trademarked.
    • Inventions are eligible for patent protection.
    • Novels and other books are generally copyrightable, though copyrights may have limitations depending on the jurisdiction.
    • Computer programs can be patented, but copyrights also apply to code in certain contexts.
    • The same IP protections that apply to works of art may also apply to graphic design. Like all creative written works, blogs get certain copyright rights the moment they are created, but to enforce those protections, you must register your blog entry.
    • Producing original music gives you copyright protections, but without registering it with the Copyright Office, you can’t use the federal court to assert your ownership rights.

    Trademark, Copyright, or Patent Requires an Attorney?

    Although it’s possible to apply for copyrights, trademarks, and patents without an attorney, it isn’t easy. An experienced attorney can help protect your work by ensuring that your registration is properly prepared and filed, and the process goes through without any issues.
    A lawyer who understands the IP law landscape can also provide invaluable advice on the best way to protect your work. Patent lawyers, for example, can advise a business on how to structure its portfolio of copyrights or trademarks to gain the most protection from existing laws and regulations. Ultimately, an attorney can help ensure that your IP is protected and maximize its long-term value.

    It is generally recommended that copyrights be registered with the United States Copyright Office. This registration grants creators an exclusive set of rights and protections, including the right to reproduce the work, distribute copies of it, perform the work publicly, display it in public, and make derivative works based on it.

    Trademarks come in two forms: common law and federal registration. Common law trademarks can be acquired without any filing or paperwork; however, registering a trademark with the United States Patent and Trademark Office gives you several benefits that are not available through common law protection.

    Patent attorneys are trained to understand the complex legal and technical aspects of patent law. They can help you make sure that your invention is eligible for a patent, advise you on how to protect your IP rights, file the appropriate paperwork with the United States Patent and Trademark Office, and represent you in court should any disputes arise.

    Costs Involved in the Application of Intellectual Property Protection

    Depending on the type of IP protection you need, the costs can range anywhere from a few hundred to thousands of dollars. Copyrights and trademarks are relatively inexpensive compared to patents, which can cost between $2,000 and $15,000 depending on the complexity of the invention. Hiring a patent attorney will add to the overall cost of protecting your intellectual property.

    By taking the proper steps to protect your intellectual property, you can ensure that no one else will benefit from what you have created without your consent. This includes safeguarding against unauthorized use or infringement. The costs associated with IP protection are a worthy investment for any innovator or creator.

    Consequences of Violation of Intellectual Property Rights

    Violation of Intellectual Property Rights is a serious offense. Copyright violations can lead to legal action and substantial fines, while patent infringements can lead to even more severe repercussions such as financial compensation or injunctions against the offender. Therefore, it is important to understand the laws associated with copyrights, trademarks, and patents to ensure that you are compliant with them and avoid any potential consequences.

    FAQs

    What Are WIPO Patents?

    These are exclusive rights given for the protection of an invention, which is new and has a procedure or invention that solves any problem.

    What Is Trade Secrets Example?

    Trade secrets cover manifold, information including:

    • Commercially valuable things like tech information or manufacturing-related information.
    • Combination of elements like Lab test data, design, and drawing, etc.

    Do Intellectual Property Laws Protect Trade Secrets?

    No, contrary to Patents, Trade secrets are protected without registration.

    How Many Types of Trade Secrets Are There?

    There are five types of trade secrets:

    1. Processes
    2. Formulas
    3. Databases
    4. Programs
    5. Business Operations