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  • PM Modi Has Announced That India Will Integrate UPI With Malaysia’s PayNet

    After a bilateral meeting with Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim in New Delhi on August 20, Prime Minister Narendra Modi of India announced intentions to link the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) with PayNet.

    Modi announced the partnership at a joint news conference, where he also highlighted plans to connect the UPI and PayNet systems in India and Malaysia, respectively. The goal of this integration is to increase UPI’s global presence and strengthen financial connection. In an effort to expand its quick payment network globally, India has launched UPI in a number of countries, including Nepal, Bhutan, Singapore, the United Arab Emirates, France, Mauritius, and Sri Lanka.

    The efforts of the Indian government and the Reserve Bank of India to expand UPI’s global reach were further underlined by Minister of State for Finance Pankaj Chaudhary.

    Strengthening the Ties Between the Two Nations

    Both Modi and Anwar Ibrahim had a fruitful discussion at Hyderabad House, which led to the statement being made about collaborating on the payment gateway. The two heads of state talked on a variety of issues, including the strengthening of bilateral ties and the cooperation between regional organisations. The Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi, reaffirmed India’s dedication to the centrality of ASEAN. He also expressed his support for Malaysia’s chairmanship of ASEAN in 2025 and the timely review of the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between India and ASEAN.

    In addition to this, Modi highlighted efforts to improve educational and training possibilities for Malaysian students who are participating in Indian programs. There will be one hundred spots available for Malaysians to apply for scholarships under the Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) programme. These seats will be available in advanced disciplines such as artificial intelligence (AI) and cybersecurity. Not only did Modi announce the establishment of a Thiruvalluvar Chair at a Malaysian university, but he also announced the establishment of an Ayurveda Chair at the University of Tumko Abdul Rahman in Malaysia.

    Enhancing Trade Through Mutual Agreement

    A number of potential areas of collaboration were named by Modi, including semiconductors, financial technology, the military industry, and artificial intelligence. He also mentioned that Malaysia had made an investment of $5 billion in India over the course of the previous year.

    In his statement, Anwar stated that his nation would revitalise its connections with India in every aspect, and that the potential of these relations had not been fully realised over the past few years.

    At a press conference, an official from the Indian Ministry of Foreign Affairs named Jaideep Mazumdar announced that the country will issue a one-time export of 200,000 metric tonnes of non-basmati rice to Malaysia. This would be an exception to the embargo that prohibits such shipments.

    According to Mazumdar, India is also interested in selling Malaysia aircraft built by Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd., as well as other types of military equipment.

    Additionally, the two nations reached an agreement on a framework for the welfare of Indian workers who are going to be employed in Malaysia. Malaysia is a country that obtains labour from approximately 15 countries, including India, for its palm farms and other sectors.

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  • The Union Minister to Visit Bengaluru to Officially Launch the Electric Vehicle Testing Facility

    On August 22, 2024, Pralhad Venkatesh Joshi, Union Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, and New and Renewable Energy, will lay the foundation stone of the Electric Vehicle (EV) Testing Facility at the National Test House (NTH) RRSL Camp in Bengaluru.

    A regional centre is being established in Bengaluru, Karnataka, at the RRSL Jakkuru campus in an effort to broaden its operational reach in southern India and to provide testing facilities in emerging fields such as electric vehicle (EV) battery and charger testing. As the electric vehicle (EV) sector grows, this new testing centre will be an invaluable asset, helping to meet industry standards while also advancing greener practices and cutting-edge automotive technology.

    The Centre Will Be Equipped With State-Of-The-Art Facilities

    Electric vehicle (EV) battery testing equipment in the lab will be able to perform a range of tests, such as electrical safety, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), functional safety, environmental factors (IP test, UV radiation, corrosion), and mechanical and material tests (flammability, glow wire).

    It will help the electric vehicle industry grow and is a huge benefit to the manufacturers in southern India. In keeping with India’s dedication to environmentally friendly energy solutions, the country has taken a significant stride forward in strengthening its electric vehicle infrastructure with the construction of this cutting-edge EV testing facility. The centre will be a one-stop shop for electric vehicle (EV) quality control, with tests covering everything from battery life to safety features to performance indicators, to guarantee that EVs are up to par before they hit the market.

    National Test House

    A leading scientific organisation that has been at the forefront of testing and quality assurance in a variety of sectors, the National Test House operates under the direction of the Department of Consumer Affairs, which is part of the Government of India. The NTH is a testing and quality assurance agency that has been empanelled for a variety of notable national projects, including the Jal Jeevan Mission, the Bullet Train project, the Metro projects, fertiliser testing, and energy projects, amongst others. Additionally, it is the only government agency in India that offers certified certification for drones. In the cities of Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai, Ghaziabad, Guwahati, Jaipur, and Varanasi, NTH has testing laboratories that are equipped with the most advanced technology.

    For the purpose of testing and calibrating weighing and measuring instruments, the Regional Standards Reference Standards Laboratory (RRSL) in Bengaluru is one of the Regional Standards Reference Standards Laboratory of Legal Metrology (Weights & Measures). One of the manufacturers of dispensing units (Petrol Pump) will be presented with an OIML-approved certificate that is recognised all over the world on the event. This certificate will be presented to M/S Tatsuno India Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai.

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  • E Scooter S1 X Gets Domestic Value Addition Certification for PLI Scheme

    To participate in the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) programme for vehicles and auto parts, Ola Electric’s S1 X escooter models (3 kWh and 4 kWh) have earned the domestic value addition certification (DVA).

    According to a media report, the business has announced that their escooters have achieved the 50% localisation requirement set by the Ministry of Heavy Industries.

    The electric scooter manufacturer that went public earlier this month has already gotten DVA certification for its S1 air model in January and its S1 pro model in March.

    Ola S1 Pro supposedly makes the most money for the company. Certification is granted by the Automative Research Association of India (ARAI).

    Incentives under the PLI Scheme can be claimed by Ola for a maximum of five consecutive years beginning in the fiscal year 2024. The percentage of product sales that goes towards incentives will range from thirteen percent to eighteen percent.

    How This Development Will Help in Further Expansion?

    According to a representative for Ola, who was quoted in a media report, the scooters S1 X 3 kWh and S1 X 4 kWh collectively contribute to approximately half of the total revenue that Ola generates. According to him, the company will be able to further improve its bottom line now that the PLI has been implemented by the corporation.

    In addition, the spokesperson stated that the fact that Ola has received PLI certification for both its luxury and mass-market goods is evidence of the company’s vertically integrated manufacturing strength. This success is a key step forward in the development of India’s electric vehicle vision.

    Over the last week, Ola presented its electric motorcycle portfolio, which is referred to as “The Roadster series.”

    Rebranding of Ola Cab

    The rebranding of Ola Cabs to Ola Consumer was revealed by Bhavish Aggarwal, the CEO of Ola, during the annual event known as “Sankalp,” which is held by the Ola group.

    Rebranding will allow the company to provide a wide variety of consumer services, including eCommerce, financial services, ride-sharing services, and other similar offerings, according to the company’s statement.

    During the fiscal year 24 (FY24), Ola Electric reported a net loss of INR 1,584.4 Cr, despite having an operational income of INR 5,009.8 Cr.

    As of the June quarter of the fiscal year 25 (FY25), Ola Electric’s consolidated net loss increased to INR 347 crore, up from INR 267 crore. In the same quarter, the company’s operating revenue reached INR 1,644 crore, representing a year-on-year rise of 32%.

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  • A New Era in Co-Lending: L&T Finance and CRED Join Hands to Offer Unsecured Personal Loans

    A renowned non-banking finance company (NBFC), L&T Finance, has just announced its strategic push into the co-lending industry. This foray is being made possible by a significant partnership with the technology powerhouse CRED.

    With the help of this partnership, L&T Finance will be able to expand its operations into the realm of digital lending by providing CRED members with the opportunity to get unsecured personal loans.

    The CRED Cash product, which is being enabled by L&T Finance in cooperation with Newtap Finance Private Ltd., will now provide members of CRED with access to credit, as stated in the official statement.

    A speedy access to credit is promised by the new arrangement, which will enable members to obtain loans in a matter of minutes. Additionally, the new arrangement will provide members with flexible repayment terms and competitive interest rates.

    Sudipta Roy, the Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of L&T Finance, expressed his excitement about the company’s entry into the co-lending industry by saying, “We are excited to announce our partnership with CRED.”

    This affiliation represents LTF’s entry into the co-lending area, which will harness the power of LTF’s considerable experience in the financial services industry, CRED’s large wealthy client base and excellent reputation for trustworthiness, and NewTap’s competence in digital lending and risk assessment. This association will mark LTF’s introduction into the co-lending field.

    The Partnership and Its Future

    L&T Finance is currently going through a period of tremendous expansion, which coincides with the formation of this collaboration. The loan book of the company experienced year-on-year growth of 11 per cent, eventually reaching INR 6,667 crores in the first quarter of fiscal year 25.

    The total disbursements for the quarter amounted to INR 1,178 crores. It is anticipated that the Personal Loans business at L&T Finance will continue on its upward trajectory, which will be driven by strategic alliances, development into new geographical areas, and initiatives to retain customers.

    Within the field of co-lending, this relationship between L&T Finance and CRED is well-positioned to establish a new standard of excellence. This platform will provide A sophisticated audience with a simplified and customer-focused loan experience.

    Regarding the future of the partnership, Roy stated further that L&T believes that this partnership will further enhance the company’s presence in the digital lending space with a focus on customer experience.

    Additionally, the firm thinks that this partnership will provide CRED’s customers with loans in a couple of minutes with flexible repayment tenures, at competitive interest rates, thereby providing customers with a borrowing experience that is both unique and seamless.

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  • A Subsidiary of Jio Financial Services Is Established to Distribute Financial Products

    In response to the announcement that it has formed a subsidiary to market financial goods, Jio Financial Services Ltd.’s stock increased by more than 1.6% in Friday’s early trades, August 16.

    In a stock filing on August 15, JFSL shared the news that the company has formed a totally owned subsidiary called Jio Finance Platform and Service Limited on August 14, 2024.

    This new enterprise, which will have its headquarters in Mumbai, will provide a comprehensive suite of banking and related services.

    Jio Financial Services is going to put up INR 1 lakh to buy 10,000 equity shares, having a face value of INR 10.

    The new subsidiary’s certificate of incorporation was received on August 15 from the Ministry of Corporate Affairs.

    Shares of Jio Financial Services started the day on the up at INR 324 on the NSE and continued to rise, reaching an intraday high of INR 325.5.

    Company’s First AGM

    The first annual general meeting (AGM) of z will be conducted on Friday, August 30, as announced on August 5, by the firm.

    For the sake of convenience and accessibility, the conference will be held by Video Conferencing (“VC”) and other Audio-Visual Means (“OAVM”).

    Compared to the same period last year, when it was INR 332 crore, Jio Financial Services’ consolidated net profit for Q1FY25 was INR 313 crore, a year-on-year fall of 5.7%.

    In the reviewed period, total revenue rose to INR 418 crore from INR 414 crore in Q1FY24, a slight rise of 0.97%.

    Decline on Total Interest Earned

    The overall interest earned for the quarter fell at INR 162 crore, a 20% year-over-year and 42% sequential fall.

    The net benefit from increases in fair value increased substantially, climbing by 25% annually and 101% quarterly, to INR 218 crore.

    About JFSL

    In July of 1999, JFSL was initially established as Reliance Strategic Investments Private Limited, which was originally constituted under the Companies Act of 1956. In July of 2023, Jio Financial Services Limited was officially established as a company.

    The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has registered JFSL as an NBFC-ND-SI. The company is a holding company, and it will run its financial services business through its consumer-facing subsidiaries, which are Jio Finance Limited (JFL), Jio Insurance Broking Limited (JIBL), and Jio Payment Solutions Limited (JPSL), as well as through a joint venture that is called Jio Payments Bank Limited (JPBL).

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  • BharatPe, a Prominent Fintech Company, Has Introduced Secured Loan Offerings

    One of the leading financial technology companies in India, BharatPe, is now providing its merchant partners with secured credit options. The two-wheeler loan and the Loans Against Mutual Funds (LAMF) are the newest offerings from the financial technology company.

    With this launch, BharatPe is expanding into secured lending for the first time, building on its recent success with unsecured loans.

    Facilitating Easier Access to Capital for Businesses

    The continued dedication of BharatPe to empowering merchants through innovative financial products was highlighted by Nalin Negi, the CEO of the company.

    In 2018, BharatPe set out to provide millions of traditional retailers with cutting-edge financial technology solutions. “We have made tremendous strides in the past few years and have enabled our merchant partners to receive unsecured loans totalling over INR 15,000 crores,” Negi stated.

    He said that the firm’s credit portfolio and relationships with merchants would be strengthened even more by the use of secured loans.

    Connecting With OTO Capital, Volt Money

    The new loan opportunities are made possible by BharatPe’s partnership with OTO Capital and Volt Money. Loans for two-wheelers would be made available to BharatPe businesses through OTO Capital, an online marketplace and lending platform. There are a variety of payback periods available, from 12 to 48 months, and the maximum loan amount is 2.5 lakh rupees. Users may rest assured that their experience will be smooth because the entire procedure is digital.

    With Volt Money’s Loans Against Mutual Funds (LAMF) service, businesses can borrow up to one crore rupees.

    The goal of the service is to make it simple for merchants to get the money they need to run their businesses.

    Borrowers can rest easy knowing that OTO Capital and Volt Money will handle the loan distribution and repayment on BharatPe’s behalf.

    According to Sumit Chhazed, the Chief Executive Officer of OTO Capital, “Our mission is to make ownership of two-wheelers accessible and affordable for every aspiring entrepreneur in India. Collaboratively, we are dedicated to delivering mobility solutions that are easily accessible and will contribute to the success of organisations.”

    Bharat Lamba, the co-founder and chief business officer of Volt Money, made a similar statement: “We are uniquely positioned to meet the short-term liquidity and working capital needs of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) by providing instant loans against mutual funds.” This enabled and empowered MSMEs financially.

    Expanding the Range of Products

    BharatPe’s goal is to broaden its product offerings and generate new revenue sources, and the introduction of secured loans is a component of this larger strategy.

    It is the intention of the company to introduce additional secured loan solutions in the future months in order to meet the requirements of a wider variety of merchants.

    The company entered the gold loans market in 2022 for its merchants by forming partnerships with non-bank financial companies (NBFCs) and issuing loans of up to twenty lakh rupees against a gold commitment.

    There are currently more than 13 million merchants who are a part of its base.

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  • TRAI Taking Measures to Curb Misuse of Messaging Services

    In order to prevent the misuse of messaging services and safeguard consumers from fraudulent practices, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has issued guidelines for the implementation of certain measures. A recent Direction from TRAI requires all Access Service Providers to adhere to the established protocol. 

    In its ongoing campaign against unwanted spam, TRAI has made it obvious that as of September 1, 2024, no access service provider will be able to send messages with the URL “url(”)” attached.

    To improve message traceability, TRAI has ordered that beginning November 1, 2024, all messages shall include a traceable trail from their senders to their recipients. If the telemarketer chain is not specified or does not match, the message will be denied.

    Tightening the Security

    Given that TRAI has already cracked down on unlicensed telemarketers who send promotional messages and calls to telecom users, this latest development takes on more importance. For up to two years, TRAI has ordered telecom companies to deactivate the accounts of unregistered telemarketers who have been detected to make spam calls. This directive was issued last week.

    The regulatory body for telecom has “issued directions for enforcement of measures to curb the misuse of messaging services and protect consumers from fraudulent practices.”

    By September 30, 2024, at the latest, TRAI has ordered all access providers to transfer all telemarketing calls, beginning with the 140 series, to an online DLT platform. This will allow for improved control and monitoring.

    Further Measures Taken by TRAI

    • Starting from November 1, 2024, all messages must include a traceable trail from senders to recipients, according to TRAI’s mandate, in order to improve message traceability. Undefined or mismatched telemarketer chains will result in message rejection.
    • The TRAI has instituted strict penalties for infractions in an effort to discourage the exploitation of promotional content templates. Registration of Content Templates in the incorrect category will result in blacklisting; subsequent infractions will cause the Sender’s services to be suspended for one month.
    • All Headers and Content Templates that are registered on DLT must follow the rules that have been set out to ensure compliance with regulations. Furthermore, you can only link one Content Template to one Header.
    • The TRAI has ordered the immediate suspension of traffic from all of a sender’s headers and content templates until they can be verified in the event that misuse of these elements is discovered. Sender traffic will not be revoked unless Sender takes legal action against such usage. Delivery-Telemarketers are also subject to the same penalties if they do not disclose the companies responsible for such abuse within two business days.

    For the exact text of the Direction, stakeholders are urged to go to the TRAI website at www.trai.gov.in.

    In order to protect consumer interests and forestall fraudulent acts, these steps advance TRAI’s efforts to establish a secure messaging ecosystem.

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  • India’s TCS Introduces Pace Studio to the Swedish Market

    Launching its newest TCS Pace Studio in Stockholm, Sweden, Indian tech powerhouse Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) is providing its Nordic customers with exclusive access to its innovation ecosystem.

    In a statement, the company said that their new research centre and innovation hub will help businesses investigate cutting-edge tech, deploy it at scale, and speed up their digital transformation processes.

    Location Dynamics of Pace Studio

    The Epicentre House of Innovation is home to more than 600 innovative businesses and entrepreneurs, including TCS Pace Studio Stockholm. Epicentre Stockholm’s Country Manager, Oskar Gillström, expressed his excitement at the addition of TCS Pace Studio to the Epicentre community.

    “As an innovation house, TCS’s new space superbly embodies our mission to stimulate cooperation between businesses and future-oriented leaders in Sweden’s business climate.”

    According to the corporation, being in this area enables them to actively participate in addressing the business challenges and achieving the local objectives. According to TCS, growth areas with active innovation ecosystems are the perfect fit for TCS Pace Studios.

    What is Pace Studio?

    Pace Studio, according to TCS, is an agile incubator that helps companies by solving challenges and creating new opportunities. Its goal is to foster a startup culture.

    Consulting, design, and implementation are all part of the innovation process that clients can take advantage of at the new TCS Pace Studio in Stockholm. Customers of TCS in the area will be able to use it to conduct research, develop new offerings, make prototypes, and hone their business plans and models.

    With a history of technological advancement and investment, Sweden has become one of Europe’s most dynamic business hubs. “The opening of our TCS Pace Studio in Stockholm demonstrates our dedication to making a significant contribution to the growth and prosperity of businesses in the region and the Nordic countries,” stated Shreerang Talekar, Head of TCS in Sweden and the Nordics.

    “We are thrilled to join this dynamic innovation ecosystem and collaborate on solutions with cutting-edge, environmentally friendly technologies that facilitate growth, resilience, and endless adaptability for businesses.”

    Adding Fourth One to the Global List

    Joining the vast innovation ecosystem of TCS Pace spread out across important cities worldwide, the TCS Pace Studio in Stockholm becomes the fourth globally and the first in the Nordic region.

    The TCS PaceTM network comprises seven TCS Pace Ports in Tokyo, Amsterdam, New York, Pittsburgh, Toronto, London, and Paris, as well as three additional TCS Pace Studios in Riyadh, Sydney, and Letterkenny.

    The innovation hubs in the TCS PaceTM network make use of TCS’s one-of-a-kind techniques, worldwide perspectives, research, IP, and its Co-Innovation Network (COIN), which encourages partnerships between local entrepreneurs, startups, and academic institutions.

    Enterprises can engage with TCS’s experienced team in a dedicated location through these collaborative spaces, which speed up the development and delivery of new digital goods and services.

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  • Apple Has Begun Preparing Its Employees to Manufacture iPhone Pro Models in India

    Thousands of workers at Apple’s Tamil Nadu facility have reportedly begun training in order to manufacture the iPhone 16 Pro and Pro Max as near to the worldwide debut as feasible.

    An esteemed media outlet revealed in July, citing sources, that Apple Inc. intends to employ its partner Foxconn Technology Group to manufacture the top-of-the-line Pro and Pro Max models of the forthcoming iPhone 16 series in India for the first time.

    The ‘new product introduction’ (NPI) procedure for the pro variants of iPhone 16 will shortly begin at Foxconn’s site in Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu. Once officially announced, mass manufacturing will begin. Given its expertise and extensive integration into Apple’s supply chain, Foxconn usually receives priority on new production.

    Pegatron’s India Unit and Tata Group Will Be Part of Manufacturing Process

    ‘Within weeks’ of the global launch, Foxconn will begin the process of assembling the premium gadgets. It is possible that Apple’s other partners in India, like as the Tata Group and the India unit of Pegatron, will also begin manufacturing the Pro models.

    When the iPhone 16 goes on sale around the world, it is anticipated that Apple would make the made-in-India standard version of the device available to consumers. Apple has extended the manufacture of its flagship iPhone products in India by utilising Foxconn and Tata Electronics as additional manufacturing partners.

    Manufacturing of iPads and AirPod to Be Included in Future

    According to information obtained by a media report, Apple may also resume preparations to manufacture iPads in India through Foxconn.

    It was also reported on July 8 that Apple is working towards raising the production of components for AirPod wireless charging cases through the contract manufacturer Jabil in Pune. Additionally, it is possible that Apple would also seek to increase production with Foxconn. Early in the next year, it is possible that production of Made in India AirPods will begin.

    Apple Diversifying Beyond China

    Apple is gradually expanding its operations beyond China in order to mitigate the risks associated with the tensions that exist between Beijing and Washington. Despite this, the great majority of iPhones are still manufactured in China.

    As a result of this effort, Apple was able to manufacture $14 billion worth of iPhones in India for the fiscal year that ended in March 2024. This figure represents as much as 14% of the company’s total output worldwide. Similarly to the previous year, it is anticipated that Apple will make the ordinary iPhone 16 manufactured in India available on the same day that the most recent generation of the iPhone begins selling all over the world, according to the individuals.

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  • Despite Telecoms’ Demands for Regulation, OTTs Insist the Current Legal Framework Is Adequate

    The telcos’ proposal to control over-the-top (OTT) communication services like WhatsApp, Google’s RCS, and Telegram has been met with resistance from these companies, who point to the Information Technology Act (2000) as the reason why applications are already subject to regulation.

    The OTT industry’s governing bodies have warned against regulating the applications in response to a consultation paper from the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) asking for opinions on service authorisations under the recently approved Telecommunications Act.

    When it comes to the technical details, telecom service providers (TSPs) handle things on the network side, whilst over-the-top (OTT) providers handle things on the application layer. In its counter comments to the consultation paper, the Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI) stated that there is a clear difference between OTT service providers and telecom service providers (TSPs) in terms of operational and technical aspects. IAMAI further added that OTT services are not covered by the telecom act.

    Big Players Favouring the Telcos’ Proposal

    After telecom giants Reliance Jio, Bharti Airtel, and Vodafone Idea demanded that Trai reform the current licencing system and introduce a pan-India single licence—a move that would include communication OTT players, who offer comparable services to carriers—the regulators have responded with counter comments.

    Aside from mobile phone providers, the Broadband India Forum (BIF) argued that various services necessitate distinct terms and conditions, and that granting a single authorisation would be capricious and detrimental to the regulatory system.

    If this were to happen, BIF argued, “It would essentially create a completely different category of ‘Super Authorisation,’” which would have anti-competitive and unnecessary regulatory consequences for service providers that want to specialise in a certain field or offer a specialised service.

    The trade group went on to say that this would lead to an increase in the concentration of wealth and power at the expense of the many who had hoped to reap the advantages of deregulation and growth in the market.

    Asia Internet Coalition Also Against Telcos’ Pitch

    The telecommunications companies’ claims of a “level playing field” and “same service, same rules” are baseless, according to the Asia Internet Coalition (AIC), since the two services in question are essentially distinct. Broadband access is driven by subscriber demand for content, according to the trade body, while content is driven by the availability of broadband access.

    Since OTT services are a major source of revenue for telcos, IAMAI made it clear that they do not get free access to TSP networks. The need for internet connection is being driven by the desire for online content and apps provided by over-the-top (OTT) providers, according to IAMAI. According to the report, the monthly average revenue per user for wireless service providers increased by about 90 percent, going from INR 74.38 to INR 141.14 between the years 2019 and 2022. This growth was a direct result of a 156-fold rise in data usage, which went from 92.4 million GB to 14.4 trillion GB between the years 2014 and 2022.

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