Tag: finance minister

  • Nirmala Sitharaman Tables Revised Income Tax Bill 2025 in Parliament to Boost Fairness and Clarity

    The majority of the suggestions made by the Parliamentary Select Committee, which was led by BJP MP Baijayant Panda, were incorporated into the Revised Income Tax Bill 2025, which Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman introduced in the Lok Sabha on August 11, 2025.

    Background of the Revised Bill

    The revised bill seeks to improve fairness and clarity in the nation’s income tax system, streamline India’s tax rules, and lower litigation for people and MSMEs. In the midst of opposition clamour, the introduction was made. Sitharaman stated that the amendments were required to accurately express the legislative content when he tabulated the measure. In order to prevent confusion, the previous bill was withdrawn, she added.

    Commenting on the move, Suraj Aiar, Founder & CEO, QWR said, “The revised Income Tax (No. 2) Bill, 2025 by Finance Minister Sitharaman represents a much-needed shift in India’s fiscal structure toward transparency, fairness and future-readiness. By reducing complexity including halving the number of sections and mandating faceless, digital-first assessments, the reforms showcase a modern, taxpayer-centric approach that is both timely and strategic.”

    “For startups especially in the AI and XR space, these changes go beyond being just the procedural updates, instead they represent a strong foundation for ease of compliance, scalable innovation and trust. At QWr, we believe that this new bill will act as a growth enabler, empowering more entrepreneurs to focus on building, not bureaucratising,” he added.

    Key Changes in the New Income Tax Law

    “There are corrections in the nature of draughting, alignment of phrases, consequential changes, and cross-referencing,” she said. According to the Finance Minister, the revised draft aims to bring the law into compliance with current regulations while enhancing justice and clarity.

    Now, lawmakers will have access to a single, revised version that incorporates all recommended modifications. The Parliamentary Select Committee’s 285 recommendations have been incorporated into the updated draft. It aims to rectify past inadequacies, streamline tax procedures, and possibly alter the nation’s income tax structure.

    How the Bill Benefits Taxpayers and MSMEs

    Panda claims that the new law will help individual taxpayers and MSMEs avoid needless litigation, simplify India’s decades-old tax system, and lessen legal ambiguity. With over 4,000 modifications and more than five lakh words, the present Income Tax Act, which was passed in 1961, is extremely complicated.

    Panda pointed out that the new measure makes the legislation much easier for regular taxpayers to read and comprehend by simplifying it by almost 50%. The committee pointed out several draughting mistakes and recommended changes to clear up any confusion. Slabs and rates have all been changed in the updated law to benefit all taxpayers.

    Key Changes in the New Income Tax Law

    According to the administration, the new structure will significantly lower middle-class taxes, giving them more discretionary income and encouraging investment, savings, and consumption. The Income Tax Bill, 2025, which was first presented in the Lok Sabha on February 13 to replace the current Income Tax Act, 1961, was formally withdrawn by the government last week.

    Why the Old Version Was Withdrawn?

    The Centre had stated that it would present a modified version of the New Income Tax Bill that included recommendations from the 31-member Select Committee of the Parliament after dropping the previous version.

     After abandoning the first version of the New Income Tax Bill, the Centre had promised to create a revised version that incorporated suggestions from the 31-member Select Committee of the Parliament.

    Quick
    Shots

    •Union
    Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman introduced the Revised Income Tax Bill
    2025 in the Lok Sabha on August 11, 2025.

    •Aims
    to improve fairness, clarity, and streamlining of India’s tax rules, reduce
    litigation for individual taxpayers and MSMEs, and replace the Income Tax
    Act, 1961.

    •The
    earlier bill (introduced on Feb 13, 2025) was withdrawn to correct drafting
    errors, align phrases, and avoid confusion

  • Revisiting the Financial Crisis of 1991- A Case Study

    The economic crisis that jolted the Indian subcontinent in 1991 did not happen overnight. It was facilitated by a plethora of factors including poor economic policies, trade deficits that lead to the Balance of Payment crisis, inefficient public sector etc. The economic imprudence of the 1980s had started to set the tone for the impending crisis which was called a “policy-induced crisis par excellence” by Joshi and Little in their seminal work.

    Inconsistent Rise and Falls
    Import Liberalisation and its Ramifications
    Political Instability and other indigenous and Exogenous Factors
    The Deal With the IMF (International Monetary Fund)
    Balance of Payment Crisis
    The Gulf War
    The Revival of the Indian Economy
    FAQ

    Inconsistent Rise and Falls

    As the country’s fiscal policies were going loose at the behest of the country’s worst drought since independence and a global oil shock in 1979 caused by the Islamic revolution in Iran, the recommendations of the seventh Finance Commission was rather one-sided than concentrating on means to cater to both consumers and suppliers.

    It recommended a significant increase in the revenue shares of states without easing the responsibilities of the central government, which caused the existing fiscal deficit of the government to sour.

    The increasing political assertions of the marginal groups along with the decaying powers of political institutions also resulted in mere populist measures to address problems that were not only insufficient but also short-termed.

    Along the same line, the country saw an increase in procurement prices with no corresponding increase in issue prices. Taxes were reduced and subsidies burgeoned ten times their value last year.

    Import Liberalisation and its Ramifications

    Deviating from its regular economic conservatism in 1976 the Indian government liberalised import which was expected to increase the supply of intermediate and capital goods. However, export growth could not keep up with it.

    By 1985, imports swelled and India was facing twin deficits. One that of fiscal deficit and the other that of trade deficit. Average fiscal deficits moved up to 6.5% from 5% in the 1970s. The only factor that held everything together was the increasing remittances from employees in the Gulf region.


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    Political Instability and other indigenous and Exogenous Factors

    The central government was going through a tumultuous time as the ruling party (Janata Party) split into two and collapsed. This political instability was accompanied by severe drought and the oil shock of 1979.

    As agricultural productions nosedived by a sixth in terms of trade, oil prices and current account deficit soured. It was only the timely procurement of food grains over the year that saved the nation from famine.

    The Deal With the IMF (International Monetary Fund)

    In order to expand the energy sector, exports and savings, along with reviving the Indian economy the central government approached the IMF to fund its package in 1980. The IMF however, resorted to different financial measures which the country had to abide by.

    Later, the Chandra Sekhar government failed to pass the budget and the poor ratings given by Moody made India ineligible for any short term loans. In this situation, the IMF also stopped their financial assistance which forced the government to mortgage the country’s gold for bailing out.

    In May 1991, India had to airlift more than 20 tones of gold to raise $240 million. Although the desperate move was heavily criticized, it was inevitable.

    Newspaper cutout of 1991
    Newspaper cutout of 1991

    Balance of Payment Crisis

    The 1980s also saw a BoP crisis as the current account deficit remained between 40% and 50% of the exports in the latter half of the 1980s. It resulted in the increase of external liabilities in the 1990s, 50% of which as owned by the public sector. India’s forex reserves started to deplete as imports increased.

    By July 1991, India had only less than $1 billion in its foreign reserves which can last to fund three weeks of imports. The major cause of the Balance of Payment crisis was the inability of exports to catch up with imports, improper management of the investment savings which resulted in deficit and depending on non-concessional external borrowing to cater to that deficit.


    Should you save money or “Spend” to support the economy?
    Money has always been the prime driving factor of any economy since human settlements started to be sophisticated. From the barter system to the current complicated transactions, value of services and objects have always been a determining factor. And this value is satisfied today largely through th…


    The Gulf War

    The Gulf War in the 1990s was the tipping point for the already fragile Indian economy. The fuel prices skyrocketed which affected the prices of all goods in the country. The war also meant that a lot of Indians lost their jobs and had to come back. Thus, the remittances which held the economy together was not available anymore. India fell into a deep economic crisis where it was at a disadvantageous position from all sides.

    The Revival of the Indian Economy

    The Narsimha Rao government with Manmohan Singh as the Finance Minister, began its journey towards economic recovery. First, to reduce inflation and promote internal markets, export subsidies were cut.

    The value of the rupee was first depreciated by RBI to 9% and then to 11%. Further, domestic supply constraints were cleared and doing business was made easier by reducing the complexity of procuring permits and licenses.

    India: Gross domestic product (GDP) in current prices
    India: Gross domestic product (GDP) in current prices

    The economy was liberalised, privatisation was promoted. Foreign Direct Investments were also largely encouraged. Industries were given better structural and operational freedom which helped them expand and develop. The budget of 1991-92 was more about continuing these economic reforms to sustain and strengthen the changes.

    Conclusion

    The efforts of the Narasimha Rao government was not in vain. Indian economy started to boom in the years that followed. At a time when the country is struggling with negative growth rates and shrinking GDP, the lessons learned from the 1991 financial crisis should be revisited and analysed so as to come up with efficient solutions. There is absolutely no doubt that there will be flaws.

    Even the economic reforms of 1991 also had its own flaws and it still bears the grunt of the criticisms. However, it is important to come up with valuable reforms that can save the economy from an economic depression like in 1929.

    FAQ

    What caused the 1991 currency crisis in India?

    The 1991 financial crisis was caused due to currency overvaluation.

    Who was the finance minister of India in 1991?

    Manmohan Singh was the finance minister of India in 1991.

    Who was the prime minister in 1991 in India?

    P. V. Narasimha Rao was the prime minister of India in 1991.

  • Everything Entrepreneurs need to know about Union Budget 2021-22

    The recent news about the Union Budget 2021-22 is everywhere. And it seems that everyone is quite happy with this year’s union budget. Announced by Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman on Monday, Union Budget talks a lot about entrepreneurship. Lets have a deeper look at what is it that entrepreneurs are focusing on in the Union Budget 2021.

    Latest News – Union Budget Live Updates

    1 February 2021 – In parliament today, Smt Nirmala Sitharaman, Minister for the Union’s Finance & Corporate Affairs, introduced Union Budget 2021–22, which was the first budget of this new decade and during COVID-19 crisis unparalleled. She mentioned that this is an example of 130 crore Indian people who believe in their ability and skills in a vision for AatmaNirbhar Bharat.

    Union Budget Key Highlights

    • Citizens above 75 years who only have pension income are exempt from ITR.
    • INR 35,000 Crore for Covid-19 Vaccine
    • INR 35,54 Lakh Crore towards Capital Expenditure in FY22
    • Aim to complete 11,000 km of National Highway Infrastructure
    • INR 1.10 Lakh Crore outlay for Railways, of which INR 1.7 Lakh Crore is for Capital expenditure
    • Startup tax holidays extended to 31 March 2022, by one year
    • INR 2,217 Crore for 42 urban centres to tackle problems of Air Pollution
    • INR 3.05 Lakh Crore outlay for power sector
    • Infusion of INR 20,000 Crore for Public Sector Bank
    • Definition of small companies to be revised by raising capital base to INR 2 Crore from current limit of INR 50 Lakh
    • INR 18,000 Crore scheme to increase public transport in urban areas
    • INR 1,500 Crore for promoting digital mode of payment
    • Jal Jeevan Mission gets outlay of INR 2.87 Lakh Crore

    Union Budget 2020: Post Budget Quotes
    Honorable Finance Minister, Nirmala Sitharaman presented Union Budget on 1st
    February 2020 in the Parliament. The Union Budget 2020-21 unveiled a series of
    far-reaching reforms, aimed at energizing the Indian economy through a
    combination of short-term, medium-term, and long term measures. The Unio…


    What is Union Budget?

    The annual Union budget, also known as the annual financial statement, is a statement according to Article 112 of the Indian Constitution of the year of projected government revenue and expenses for that specific year. For the financial year from 1st April to 31st March, the Union budget maintains the government’s record of finances. Capital and the income fund for the Union Budget are classified.

    The tax budget includes income collections and spending from the state. Two forms of income receipts are provided: tax and non-tax income. Revenue spending is the expense of the government’s day-to-day activity and of the numerous facilities given to residents. The budget for capital covers government capital receipts and transfers.

    Government Capital Receipts
    Government Capital Receipts 

    Indian Union Budget 2021-22

    In her third budget speech, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced several steps to improve start-up and MSME ecosystems, which aimed to accelerate changes in the gameplay to boost growth back in the pre-Covid period and to harness Covid-driven digital winds. The budget proposes an expansion of the eligibility to demand tax vacations for start-ups and an investment capital gains exemption in start-ups until 31 March 2022 to stimulate funds to stimulate start-up investments in the region.


    What Startup Community Feels about Union Budget 2019
    The 89th Union Budget presented by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, on 5th
    July 2019, as expected has brought several remarkable provisions for the Indian
    startup ecosystem. One of the most important moves is that of easing out the
    much debated ‘angel tax’. She also proposed a system of e- verif…


    FM Sitharaman suggested amending the concept of budgetary SMEs by rising pay-out capital rates of Rs 50 lakh to Rs 2 crore and Rs 2 crore to Rs 20 crore. The drive for digital payments and the launch of a fintech center reveals the seriousness of the government in digitalizing banking. We hope Indian banks in cooperation with the thriving Fintech ecosystem can take up the feelings and digitize their processes.

    Expected GDP Growth
    Expected GDP Growth

    Another big problem of the economy is widespread unemployment. As Minister of finance, Mrs. Nirmala Sitharaman is planning to announce her first budget, a positive economic boost, and meaningful action to generate more jobs are desperately required.

    Union Budget – Effect on GST

    The Finance Minister proposed to review over 400 archaic exemptions this year. It will be conducted through extensive consultations and a revised customs duty structure free of distortions will be in place from October 1. The tax audit limit has been raised from INR 5 crore to INR 10 crore turnover for those having less than 5% cash transactions, which means more businesses will be able to run freely.

    What is special about the union budget 2021?

    Higher Education Board
    Higher Education Board 
    • In order to improve open higher education in Ladakh, the Central University will be built in Leh.
    • The residential schools in tribal areas will be designed in 750 Eklavya styles. From Rs 20 crore to Rs 38 crore, the expense for each school will be increased. This is increased to Rs 48 crore for hilly regions.
    • The post-matric bursary system will be updated for the benefit of four crore Scheduled Caste students. Rs 35,219 crore is being invested for 6 years, that is, until 2025-26.
    • A program introduced in 2016 will be amended by the National Apprentice Training Programme to improve apprenticeship options for young people.
    • Apprenticeship Act will cover Rs 3,000 crore, which will provide engineering and diploma graduates with post-education instruction.

    Everything Entrepreneur should know about the Union budget 2021

    It is projected that 40 percent of the Indian tech startups have to cease operations by the National Software and Service Corporations Association (Nasscom). However, many have seen immense relief in order to conquer the chances that even rise exponentially and are ready for more progress.

    Will power of Entrepreneurs
    Will power of Entrepreneurs 

    Some of them have also entered the Unicorn League, including Unacademy, Nykaa, Postman, Razorpay, and Cars 24. Others such as Nocca, MyLab, Bione, and Redcliffe Life Sciences have been better transferred into biotech, education, and medicine.

    • Eliminate all types of tax (direct and indirect) from any startup business founded in India until it earns Rs 500 crore, or 12 years earlier.
    • Finance Minister extended tax holidays for start-ups by another year, which would give the start-ups a much-needed post-pandemic boost. This ensures that by another year after 31 March 2022, start-ups will be exempted from all capital gains. You will also be entitled to demand tax holidays for another year.
    • Enable investments without burdening questions to withdraw failed start-up investment.
    • The Minister of the Department of Finance proposed a plan to change the 1938 Insurance Act by raising the FDI from 49% to 74% for insurers. This will encourage insurance providers to have international ownership and influence in the country with some assurances. This is a promising move that will give the InsurTech startups growth impetus.
    • Incentivizing involves drawing up and rising the existing insignificance of domestic support. One option will be to reduce long-term equity capital returns to 10 percent, which would be equal to global buyers.

    Garib Kalyan Rozgar Abhiyan | New Govt. Scheme to Provide Jobs
    With the Economy of India badly affected due to the COVID-19 pandemic add loss
    of jobs for lakhs of migrant workers during the lockdown, a scheme by the name
    of ‘Garib Kalyan Rozgar Abhiyan’ or ‘Rural Job Scheme’ was launched by the
    Honourable Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi in the district o…


    MSMES & STARTUPS

    • 15,700 crore rupees for the MSME market, more than double what they were.
    • Encourage one person company (OPC) incorporation to improve startups.
    • By raising the capital base to rupees 2 crore out of rupees 50 lakh, the concept of small companies shall be amended.
    • Startup tax holidays extended to 31 March 2022, by one year

    Conclusion

    This was a short Union Budget analysis done by the team and the rest is up for interpretation. The budgets are to further enhance Sankalp First, Doubling Farmer’s income, Solid Infrastructure, Stable India, Good Governance, Youth Opportunities, Education for All, Empowering Women, Inclusive Growth. Make in India a plan to divest two more PSBs and an insurance firm and a host of infrastructure promises to polling-bound states included a number of major announcements. The fiscal surplus is 9.5% of GDP, and in 2021-22 it is forecast at 6.8%. Slabs stay where they are for personal income tax.


    Everything an Entrepreneur need to know about Budget 2019
    Tax
    1.Within 2 years, Tax assessment will be done electronically – The government
    announced that within the next 2 years, they do all the verifications and
    assessments of returns electronically. They will use anonymised back offices
    which will be manned by tax experts and officials without any pers…


    FAQ

    What do you mean by Union Budget?

    The Union budget is an annual report comprising government receipts and expenses for a fiscal year starting April 1, 2015, to March 31, 2011.

    When Union Budget is presented?

    On February 1, Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman introduced the Union Budget 2021 and revised Rs 34.50 lakh crore for FY 2021.

    What is Union Budget and Interim Budget?

    The interim budget is a budget proposed immediately before the general elections by the central Government. The Union budget is an annual budget submitted to Parliament by the Central Government.

    What are the 3 types of Budgets?

    The 3 types of Budgets are Union Budget, Interim Budget and Central Budget

    Who prepares Union Budget?

    The Union Budget is prepared by the Budget Division of Department of Economic Affairs (DEA).

    Who presented the general Budget in the parliament?

    The Finance Minister presents the budget in the parliament.