Amazon one of the largest based e-commerce giant has removed certain made in china, sold on amazon gadgets from its e-commerce platform. Gadgets of companies such as Aukey and Mpow has been disappeared from the digital platform. Let’s look at the reason for Amazon to ban Chinese gadgets from its platform.
Amazon.com had recently blocked the vendors of several top Chinese merchants from its platform stating the reason of suspicious behaviour. The industry insiders have conveyed that this move from Amazon is part of a targeted crackdown based on certain business practices that are questionable to the sellers on the platform, including the sellers based in China.
The most products of Mpow which is the main electronics store of Amazon has not been available for purchase from April 2021. The electronics store is run by ByteDance and Patozon which is backed by Xiaomi.
There was no response from Aukey and Mpow on the queries put forward by the South China Morning Post. However, a spokesperson from Amazon has said that the company will not be able to give comments on individual cases. He added that Amazon has systems to detect suspicious behaviour and to take prompt actions. There were no allegations of conducting fraud by Aukey and Mpow.
Chinese Sellers on Amazon
The two banned companies are Chinese vendors who have turned to Amazon in order to enter the international market. According to a recent report by Marketplace pulse which is a consultancy firm, 75 % of all new sellers on Amazon was Chinese based company as of January 2021.
The share of Chinese based sellers on the US site of Amazon had increased from 28 % in 2019 to 63 % in 2021. The most successful sellers on Amazon would generate a huge amount of profit.
It is seen that as these Chinese firms are moving towards Amazon, they are bringing in some shady practices which is much more common in Chinese marketplaces. According to certain Industry insiders, some of the practices include creating fake reviews for the products, increasing the sales numbers, etc.
The recent actions of Amazon can be considered as a warning from the e-commerce platform which sends the message that the US based giant will not tolerate such activities on their platform.
The Finding
The recent removal of products from Amazon’s website has created a coincidence with the reports which were sent by the antivirus product review site called SafetyDetectives. The company had conducted a survey where they received links of around 75,000 which is directed towards Amazon’s accounts.
The cybersecurity team of the company have found that the links led to the vendors of Amazon which asked for positive reviews for their products for exchange of free products which would be provided by the website.
The owner of this website has not yet been detected but the researches could find some information written in Chinese which has led them to believe that the server is located in China.
From past few years Amazon has been working towards fighting such problems on their digital marketplace. From the year 2016 the company has banned incentivized reviews.
In the 2020 brand protection report which was released by Amazon has mentioned that the company has spent around USD 700 million and has provided new employment for more than 10,000 people to crackdown fraudulent cases and abuse.
According to a report, In the year 2020 the company has blocked more than 10 million suspected bad listings and 6 million attempts to create a new account.
Platonov has conveyed that the manipulation of review has become essential in competition between the vendors within a certain marketplace. They added saying that they are almost present everywhere with number of social media groups, websites and even a lot of companies that are specialized in techniques such as brushing and leveraging ample networks.
FAQ
What percentage of Amazon reviews are fake?
61% of electronics reviews were reported to be fake on Amazon as of March 2019.
Does Amazon allow fake products?
The sale of counterfeit products is strictly prohibited on Amazon.
How do I avoid Chinese sellers on Amazon?
Avoid brand names that are weird combinations of consonants and vowels, Avoid products that are identical to one with different brand names, and Carefully inspect products that have generic product titles and do not list a brand name, these steps might help you to avoid Chinese sellers on Amazon.
Conclusion
The problems related to fake reviews still exist on the Amazon and other online retail platform even though there have been a lot of lawsuits filed against such companies and the individuals who have written the reviews. Platonov has said that the problem would increase as Chinese vendors expand overseas.
Engage your visitors, gain more leads, and increase conversion on your website. User.com is a marketing automation platform that gathers all tools for marketing, sales, and support in one system. Looking for a solution for small and medium-sized businesses? You are in the right place. With this software, you can collect real-time data about each customer separately, automate your communication and internal processes, and manage sales easily.
User.com is a single platform providing its clients with intuitive tools for automation of marketing, sales, and customer support activities. It integrates all communication channels (email campaigns, web push, mobile push, in-app messages, SMS, call center, live chat, chatbot), CRM as well as user-friendly analytics & reporting tools in one place.
The heart of User.com is its automation module with an intuitive drag & drop automation builder and a library of ready-to-use automation templates (almost 200). User.com has email campaigns, dynamic content, chatbot, live chat, visitors tracking, CRM, popups, and many more.
The company’s mission is to create modern marketing solutions with a human touch. Combining personalized omnichannel communication with lots of automation possibilities, User.com lets you drive engagement and deliver extraordinary customer experience from the very first website visit to advocacy. With User.com you have everything you need to build a personal relationship between your brand and every customer.
Marketing, sales, and customer service teams from around the world use this software to:
Gain insights about website visitors
Generate leads
Increase sales
Streamline processes
Provide exceptional support, and much more.
User.com – Target Market Size
According to Grand View Research, in 2019 the size of the marketing automation industry was estimated at $4.06 billion. It is a rapidly growing market expected to reach $8.42 billion by 2027.
“At User.com we are aware that the demand for marketing, sales, and support automation software will grow further in the coming years. However, we do not build our business strategy around achieving particular market shares. Instead, we focus on the continuous increase of the number of satisfied clients”,says Greg Warzecha, founder of User.com.
The idea of User.com was born on the occasion of the Civil Hub initiative. Its founder, Greg Warzecha, struggled with the unsatisfactory level of the online community involvement. At some point, he found out that on the basis of the website users’ behavior tracking, it would be possible to understand their intentions and contact them with the right message via live chat.
With time, the idea of automating communication and analyzing users’ interests was born. The huge interest of potential customers in developing the idea led to the commercialization and expansion of this solution.
User.com – Product Overview
User.com is an opportunity for many small and medium businesses to accelerate their growth. With the platform, marketing, sales, and customer service departments and managers of the entire organization can work together through one interface. Integration of a dozen or so solutions allows clients to get a full picture of the business and users. Also, combining many tools in one place enables businesses to reduce the chaos caused by using various apps from many providers.
Product Analytics
User.com’skey strength and competitive advantage is the availability of many digital marketing tools under one roof. It combines cross-device user tracking with omnichannel communication features, CRM, and automation. On top of that, there are a few extremely useful add-ons like, among others, dynamic HTML blocks that enable clients to personalize their pages for a single user or knowledge base module which clients use to share knowledge about their products & services with their customers.
Greg Warzecha is founder and CEO of User.com. Mike Korba is CCO (Chief Commercial Officer) of User.com and its co-founder.
Greg Warzecha, Founder and CEO of User.com
User.com – Name, Tagline, and Logo
Choosing a catchy name is not a simple task, but after long considerations the first domain of the product was UserEngage.io. The advantages of this domain were-
The fact that it was cheap
It was possible to hand register.
After seed funding, the company decided to buy the UserEngage.com domain from Techstars.com ($10,000).
User.com logo
At a certain point, the team started to think about changing it to a more catchy four-letter name, which would be a huge step forward (User.com). The discussions began at $750,000. But thanks to months-long negotiations, in the end, they bought the domain for $150,000. Rebranding and investing in a single-word .com domain (after receiving the first tranche of Series A funding) was very positively received by the business community and contributed to the acceleration of User.com’s growth.
All prices include unlimited agent seats, a set of base contacts, CRM, analytics, live chat, appointment scheduling, knowledge base and push notifications. The final price depends on the functions one is interested in and on the contact database size (number of contacts). Discounts are available if billed quarterly, biannual, or annually. There is a free 14-day trial, which you can access without providing a credit card.
User.com – Funding and Investors
In 2018, User.com came into agreement with Vercom S.A., a martech investment company, and received its first tranche of Series A funding.
Date
Stage
Amount
Investors
October 2018
Series A
$2.7 Mn
Vercom S.A
User.com – Competitors
As the heart of the software is automation, User.com directly competes with recognized marketing automation platforms. It also position itself as an alternative to online conversational and communication software. User.com’s major competitor is ActiveCampaign, which has a similar business model.
According to CEO Greg Warzecha, “Unlike some bigger marketing automation companies, we treat pricing transparency very seriously and always try to act towards our clients as a trusted business partner and not as a software provider”.
User.com – FAQs
What is User.com?
User.com is a platform that enables marketing, sales, and customer support activities to be automated efficiently and effectively.
Who are the founders of User.com?
Greg Warzecha is a co-founder and CEO, Mike Korba is Co-founder and COO of User.com.
What is the total Funding and who are the investors of User.com?
Cryptocurrencies have become very much popular in India and there are many talks that these digital coins will soon be banned by the Government of India. A Crypto Bill is expected to be announced anytime from the government and there are talks that there will be a twin tax introduced by the government. Let’s look at whether the cryptocurrencies will be taxed by the Govt. of India or not.
There are reports that India is planning to impose a tax to boost the short-term investors in the space of cryptocurrency before bringing a ban on these asset classes.
According to reports from business standards one of the largest English-language newspaper in India, the government is planning to impose personal Income Tax (IT) and a Goods and Service Tax (GST) on the gains received by the traders and investors who are involved in the trading of cryptocurrencies and also from the gains received as platform fees.
GST on Bitcoin
A senior finance ministry official who is familiar with the subject matter conveyed that bitcoin will be categorized under the financial services which will attract a commission fee of 18% GST by exchanges under this segment.
The investors will also have to pay Income Tax on the earning earned from the cryptocurrencies. The senior official has informed an official circular which will be released soon. According to the sources from the newspaper, the authorities are aiming towards charging taxes for both the fiscal years that are April 2020 to March 2021.
The government is also planning to introduce a cryptocurrency bill in the parliament for the ongoing session. The bill will focus on seeking a ban on the private currencies and a formal start for the development of a central digital currency which will be issued by the central bank of the country.
The actual contents of the bill are not yet known and the Government hasn’t mentioned the term private currencies. The bill is expected to fill the gaps regarding the policies according to Anurag Thakur who is the minister of state for finance.
The Government has not mentioned how the gains from cryptocurrencies are supposed to be taxed but the CEO of WazirX Nischal Shetty said that the earnings of cryptocurrencies are supposed to be taxed like any other source of income and should come under the Income Tax slab.
He added that his cryptocurrency platform has been voluntarily paying the GST on the collection of the trading fees. According to another source which says taxation cannot be confirmed that the digital coins would be made legal in the country. He added that taxability and the legality of the coins are independent of each other and not dependent.
An anonymous official had said that while cryptocurrencies are unregulated, they have not yet been banned and the rules for taxation apply for all the services and commodities.
FAQ
Is Cryptocurrency legal in India?
Cryptocurrencies are not illegal in India anybody can buy, sell and trade cryptocurrencies.
Will India ban Cryptocurrency again?
According to the rumoured Cryptocurrency and Regulation of Official Digital Currency Bill, the Indian government might ban private cryptocurrencies in India.
Will Cryptocurrency be taxed in India?
According to the reports Cryptocurrency might be be taxed in India soon.
Conclusion
If the news about the ban of cryptocurrency and the bill regarding the cryptocurrency gets confirmed it will be a clarification on how the cryptocurrency industry will work and how the cryptocurrency users will be taxed.
Unacademy is an Indian EdTech Unicorn startup, founded in 2015 by Gaurav Munjal and Roman Saini. Unacademy operates on a Freemium Business Model, it offers some courses for free and others through a subscription based business. Unacademy was started as a YouTube channel by Gaurav Munjal and was later registered as an official company.
The company has acquired some startups from the year 2020. Below are the startups acquired by the company.
India’s startups have been growing and are beginning to acquire market, it has started to attract several corporate giants like Google, Amazon and Twitter also have made investments in Indian startups.
Unacademy, which is valued at $510 million, is among the fastest growing companies in India’s EdTech sector. The startup claims it has grown its paid subscriber base to 200,000 users from 100,000 users in the last three months. It added that it has over 5 million monthly users for its live free classes and has conducted over 1.2 lakh live classes in June alone.
Unacademy’s co-founder and CEO Gaurav Munjal stated that they are consistently working towards building the world’s largest education system. He also added that they are looking to deepen their footprints across multiple categories.
Thus, they are on a look out for companies which has the same vision and like-minded organizations. He said that he has been working hard to democratize education and make learning affordable and accessible to each and every one.
Unacademy has acquired several Startups for its benefit and provide quality learning service in India to the learners.
1. WiFiStudy
Wifistudy Logo
Unacademy acquired Jaipur based online exam preparation platform called Wifistudy. Though it is a complete acquisition, the company will continue to operate independently.
With over 4.5 million subscribers and 70 million monthly video views, Wifistudy is one of the largest educational YouTube channels in the world,” said Gaurav Munjal, chief executive of Unacademy.
The acquisition will help Unacademy dive deeper into the test prep market. The company allows educators to create content, had plans to utilize these funds to expand into competitive exams such as the JEE.
This makes Wifistufy a perfect and suitable fit for Unacademy. Founded in 2013, Wifistudy helps aspirants through exam preparation tips, strategy, syllabus, and pattern. As part of the acquisition, Wifistudy will launch a profile on the Unacademy platform, which will help its learners to access these videos.
2. Kreatryx
Kreatryx Logo
Kreatryx is an EdTech startup for online exam preparation. It was founded in the year 2014 by Akash Porwal, Ankit Goyal and Rohit Nitin Joshi. The company mainly provides guidance, online contents and coaching to EE/ECE GATE Aspirants.
It has also created a Facebook group where the aspirants can discuss their doubts among themselves and also helps them to connect with the GATE toppers. The company aims to bridge the gap between student’s potential and performance by providing personalized and top-quality learning driven by technology.
Kreatryx was acquired by Unacademy in March 2020 through cash and stock deal. Kreatryx work as a separate entity under its founder Ankit Goyal even after acquisition. It runs under Dinesh Godara the Unacademy brand team head.
Coursavy is another e-learning platform which provides educational services. It was founded in the year 2018 by Vimal Rathore and Anuj Verma.
Coursavy offers courses for test preparation. The main feature of this platform is that you can learn and attend the courses according to your time and convenience. The courses include hand-made notes, revisions, syllabus, comprehensive quizzes, personalized goal tracking, schedules, reminders, test, and more. It helps the students to prepare for UPSC exams.
Coursavy was acquired by Unacademy in September 2020. It has strengthened Unacademy’s leadership position in UPSC CSE preparation. Coursavy now teaches on Unacademy and also mentors existing educators. It helps them in enhancing discipline amongst aspirants.
4. CodeChef
CodeChef Logo
CodeChef was founded by Bhavin Turakhia in 2009. CodeChef is a coding platform which helps programmers to improve their coding and problem-solving skills. It hosts programming competitions every month with two small programming challenges. CodeChef also hosts discussions and training sessions on binary search and algorithms.
CodeChef also helps individuals who are new to the computer programming world. It conducts various forum discussions and algorithm tutorials.
Unacademy had acquired CodeChef in June 2020. During the acquisition Unacademy had told that CodeChef will double down its mission to create the best coding platform. Unacademy also told that it would provide free programming course for beginners.
Mastree was set up in 2019 by Shrey Goyal and Royal Jain. It is a platform based on K-12 learning. Mastree focuses on subscription-based model. The main focus of the platform is on core curriculum subjects like Science, arts, mathematics, technology and engineering.
The mission of Mastree is to help students achieve academic excellence. It aims at increasing the curiosity of students by providing them with personalized and affordable education.
Mastree was acquired by Unacademy in July 2020 for USD 5 Million (around INR 36 crores). The co-founder and CEO of Unacademy has said that it would focus on providing affordable education. It also focuses on making the platform it more accessible for students.
PrepLadder was found in the year 2015 by Deepanshu Goyal, Vittu Goyal and Sahil Goyal. PrepLadder is a platform which helps students in medical examinations. It also provides access to education services and preparation materials for medical examinations.
The vision of the company was to provide affordable education to students preparing for Post-Graduate medical entrance exams with utmost quality. Its aim was to provide the services across the country.
PrepLadder was acquired by Unacademy in July 2020. Unacademy has said that both the companies are sharing a common goal which is providing affordable education. It also said that it would provide quality education making it accessible to more students across the country. The company was acquired for USD 50 Million (around INR 362 crores).
NeoStencil was founded in 2015 by Kush Beejal. NeoStencil is an EdTech test prep startup. NeoStencil has millions of students with more than 500 courses.
It provides test preparation courses for entrance exams, law exams, government jobs and much more.
Unacademy had acquired NeoStencil in December 2020. It has acquired NeoStencil for an undisclosed amount. Unacademy will focus on increasing its presence in Tier II and Tier III cities in India by this acquisition.
8. TapChief
TapChief Logo
TapChief was founded by Shashank Murali, Binay Krishna and Arjun Krishna in the year 2016. The company helps individuals to maintain their personal brands online and helps to learn and interact with experts.
It uses technology-based solutions to increase the confidence and make the professionals stronger in their respective domains by working with businesses across the world.
TapChief was acquired by Unacademy in February 2021. TapChief joined the Unacademy team with a valuation at INR 100 crore after acquisition. Co-founder and CEO of TapChief had told that the company is excited to be part of Unacademy and it had been a dream come true for them.
Handa Ka Funda is now CAT Funda. The EdTech Giant Unacademy has acquired Handa Ka Funda on Mar 2021 and onboarded the founder of Handa Ka Funda Ravi Handa. Ravi Handa is a prominent educator for CAT and MBA entrance exams.
Handa ka Funda is a online education platform started by Ravi Handa. The website offered online courses for various exams. Handa started teaching online in 2012 and so far more than 20,000 students have enrolled in his online courses across cities.
Handa will provide live daily classes on YouTube for CAT aspirants on YouTube channel CAT Funda. He aims to reach at least 1 lakh students via the free content. There is also another option where students can subscribe to Unacademy’s Plus courses. The collaboration with Handa ka Funda will surely strengthen Unacademy’s leadership position in the MBA test preparation market.
FAQ
Who is founder of Unacademy?
Gaurav Munjal, Himesh Singh and Roman Saini are the founders of Unacademy.
How does Unacademy make money?
Unacademy operates on a Freemium Business Model, it offers some courses for free and others through a subscription based business.
What is the valuation of Unacademy?
As of December 2020, Unacademy was valued at 2.0 billion US dollars.
Unacademy has grown more with its marketing. It has also offered low-cost subscription plans to attract learners to its subscription platform. Unacademy has a presence in Indonesia too, it has about 30 educators. The company did not offer an update on how its international ambitions are holding up. Unacademy is now valued at around $2 billion, a huge jump in valuation.
The popularity of cryptocurrencies has been increasing over the years. We would have seen huge returns provided by these cryptocurrencies, with the promotion of these coins by Elon Musk and his company. Let’s look at the top cryptocurrencies in the market which you can choose to invest in in the year 2021.
Bitcoin is considered to be the king of cryptocurrencies moreover the term cryptocurrency was bought into the limelight because of bitcoins. They have the highest liquidity value compared to any other cryptocurrency in the market.
Bitcoin is a decentralized digital coin with no restrictions. It is widely accepted across the globe and the increase in popularity of bitcoins has led companies such as Tesla to accept it as a payment gateway.
The market capitalization of bitcoin is USD 1,067,761,831,980 and the current price of one bitcoin is around USD 57,048.95.
Ethereum
Ethereum is a popular cryptocurrency after bitcoin. Ethereum is the second largest cryptocurrency in the market. Ethereum will let users to create smart contracts as it is a decentralized open-source blockchain. Ethereum is the second largest in market capitalization after bitcoin.
The market capitalization of Ethereum is USD 482,724,167,431 and the current price of one Ethereum is around USD 4,156.17.
Binance Coin
Binance Coin would be the best option if you are looking to diversify your cryptocurrency investment. Binance which is the parent company of this cryptocurrency has a strong business history and has created utility tokens. Traders also can use Binance coins for purchasing other cryptocurrencies in the market through Binance Exchange.
Binance Exchange is one of the fastest growing crypto exchanges in the crypto market.
The market capitalization of the Binance coin is USD 103,328,372,259 and the current price of one Binance Coin is around USD 673.67.
Doge Coin
DogeCoin which was initially started as a meme has now has a huge market capitalization in the cryptocurrency market. It has provided huge returns to its investors in the recent times. The cryptocurrency’s price was hyped and increased by the Reddit users in the early 2021 and later it was further supported by Elon Musk. Recently Elon Musk’s company SpaceX had announced that it would take payments in the form of Doge Coins. In a recent tweet Elon musk tweeted that if users wanted Tesla to accept Dogecoin.
Tether is a different type of cryptocurrency; it is called a stable coin. This cryptocurrency’s value is derived from the fiat currencies such as USD, Euros, etc. Investors who require more stability and less amount of volatility in their investment would choose to invest into the stable coins.
The market capitalization of Tether is USD 57,292,456,987 and the price of one Tether is around USD 1.00.
Cardano
Cardano is another popular cryptocurrency and is becoming a favourite one among the investors. This coin uses a different blockchain called as Ouroboros blockchain, which means that it has two blockchains instead of a single one. Most of the investors of Cardano are Japanese and it is popularly called as the Japanese Ethereum.
The market capitalization of Cardano is USD 57,111,319,394 and its current price is around USD 1.78.
Litecoin
Litecoin is another top cryptocurrency and has a high liquidity value. Litecoin is similar to bitcoins in regards to supplying as there are only 84 million coins with a block reward. The average time for the miners to mine a Litecoin is around two minutes making it easier to mine. The increase in the popularity of these coins makes it the best of the altcoins.
The market capitalization of Litecoin is USD 25,705,190,474 and its current price is around USD 384.43.
How common are Cryptocurrencies around the world
Bitcoin Cash
Bitcoin Cash became popular due to the stability concerns faced by bitcoin. The name bitcoin attached to this cryptocurrency has led the cryptocurrency to scale in the recent years and providing a huge market capitalization by catching the eyes of the investors.
The market capitalization of Bitcoin cash is USD 29,505,644,297 and its current price is around USD 1,564.62.
XRP is another popular and one of the to cryptocurrencies in the market. This coin is pre-mined and the mining procedure of XRP is less complicated compared to bitcoins. It is a native cryptocurrency for the products developed by Ripple Labs.
The market capitalization of XRP is USD 53,135,015,798 and its current price is around USD 1.51.
Shiba Inu Coin
Shiba Inu Coin is one of the recent cryptocurrencies which has been surging in the top 100 of the cryptocurrency market. Ever since the recent dip in bitcoins, there has been a lot of attention given to this cryptocurrency as the investors are on the lookout for something big.
Shiba Inu Coin has a market capitalization of USD 12,309,275,819 and its current price is around USD 0.00003114.
FAQ
What is the cheapest Cryptocurrency?
Dogecoin is the cheapest cryptocurrency to purchase in 2021.
Who owns the most bitcoin?
Satoshi Nakamoto, the cryptocurrency’s pseudonymous investor owns the most bitcoin.
What did Warren Buffett say about Bitcoin?
Warren Buffet said that, ‘Cryptocurrencies basically have no value and they don’t produce anything,” Buffett also told CNBC last year that “I don’t have any cryptocurrency and I never will,”.
Conclusion
Most of the individuals believe that cryptocurrencies will have a huge market in the coming future and it would replace all the fiat currencies and the other half believe that the value of cryptocurrencies would just reduce over the time and consider it to be another bubble. However many investors have generated huge returns from investing in these asset classes.
The Mittal Steel Company, owned by Mr. Lakshmi Mittal, is the largest steel producer in the world. The company became a part of ArcelorMittal, a merger between Mittal Steel and Arcelor. How L.N Mittal formed this company and became one of the most remarkable Indian steel magnates of this time is an awestruck story worth reading.
Lakshmi Mittal was born in a small village in Rajasthan, India. He got his early education in native school and later on went to England for pursuing higher studies. Since his childhood, Lakshmi has been an avid flier and traveler.
He travels because his empire is spread throughout the world. He manages his empire that employs some 165000 workers.
Laxmi Mittal is one of those entrepreneurs who dream and try to fulfill those dreams. In India, he is better known as one of the richest Indians but in the world, he is known as the person who has chased only one dream that was to create a new architecture for steel business.
Lakshmi Mittal
He started off by acquiring loss-making steel mills across the world & made them profitable, using the strategy of ‘Turnaround’ to build his empire. Now 43 years later, he owns the world’s largest steel and mining company, ArcelorMittal. His company produces more steel than the whole of the US and the UK, combined. And earns more revenue than major companies like Facebook, Unilever, and FedEx.
He has been crazy about buying and acquiring one steel firm after another. He took over an oiling plant in Indonesia and in 2004 he emerged as the biggest steelmaker in the world. He bought ISG on October 1, 2004, and presented it to his father who was in Tirupati as a birthday gift from a son. He is the world’s biggest steelmaker and one of the top billionaires.
Mittal Steel Company was originally formed as Ispat International in 1978. At the time it was part of the Indian Steel making company Ispat Industries which was founded by Lakshmi Mittal’s father and was owned by his family, but in 1995 it separated from that company after various disagreements between Lakshmi and his father.
In 1989, the company acquired Iron & Steel Company of Trinidad & Tobago. In 1992, the company acquired Sibalsa. In 1994, the company acquired Sidbec-Dosco. In 1995, the company acquired Hamburger Stahlwerke, which formed Ispat International Ltd. and Ispat Shipping and also bought Karmet Steel of Temirtau, Kazakhstan. In 1997, the company acquired Walzdraht Hochfeld GmbH and Stahlwerk Ruhrort. In 1997, the company went public as Ispat International NV. In 1998, the company acquired Inland Steel Company. In 1999, the company acquired Unimétal. In 2001, the company acquired ALFASID and Sidex. In 2002, it bought a majority stake in Iscor. In 2003, the company acquired Nowa Huta.
In 2004, the company acquired Polskie Huty Stali, BH Steel, and certain Macedonian facilities from Balkan Steel. In 2005, the company hired Deloitte as the primary auditors for the company. In 2005, the company acquired the International Steel Group. In 2005, the company acquired Kryvorizhstal. In 2005, the company announced an investment of $9 billion in Jharkhand, India. In 2006, the company merged with Arcelor after much controversy. In 2006, the company announced investment for a 12 million tonne capacity steel plant in Odisha, India.
Business Empire of ArcelorMittal
ArcelorMittal is a major steel supplier for General Motors & Ford. He produces 70 million tonnes of steel every year. Not only that, but a whopping 20% of all global car production is also made from ArcelorMittal steel. Their steel has also been used in major US landmarks like One World Trade Centre, Rockefeller Center, the New New York Bridge, and even in high-tech submarine-like USS Indiana, Navy ships. The largest US-built containership DKI and also aircraft carriers. Not only that, but New York’s iconic Empire State Building was also made from structural steel supplied by ArcelorMittal’s predecessor company, Bethlehem Steel.
ArcelorMittal Business Empire.
Global Business Expansion of ArcelorMittal
Antarctica: In Antarctica, ArcelorMittal steel has been used in the construction of the world’s first zero-emission polar research station, Princess Elisabeth Antarctica. Moreover, the group has also manufactured steel for an under-construction 156m-long Antarctic Supply Research Vessel.
Canada: Here the group owns one of Canada’s largest steel plants. Moreover, the group also operates 6 more production facilities, an iron ore mining plant at Mont-Wright, runs a 420-kilometer long railway line, and also operates Canada’s largest private port, Port-Cartier.
United States: The ArcelorMittal group owns North America’s largest integrated steel plant in Chicago and the world’s most productive steel mill in Cleveland. Which was even visited by the former US president. Overall, in the US, ArcelorMittal operates over 20 manufacturing facilities, Iron Ore and Coal Mines in Virginia, and employs over 18,000 people, around two times more than how many people Yahoo employs.
Mexico: Here the group operates six steel manufacturing units, iron ore & coal mines, and is also the largest employer in the port city of Lazaro. The second-largest cruise ship in the world, the Harmony of the Seas. The gigantic ship has 2,700 staterooms, 20 restaurants, 23 swimming pools, and yes, this whole cruise is also made from ArcelorMittal Steel. Taking about ships, the group also operates a shipping company and owns a fleet of large Panama bulk carriers.
South America: Here, ArcelorMittal operates five long steel manufacturing plants and holds a whopping 60% market share in nearby Brazil. The group is involved in Iron ore mining and also operates 27 steel production facilities. In Brazil, ArcelorMittal steel has been used in an Olympic Stadium, a football stadium, and a Bridge in Rio de Janeiro.
The group’s expansion is also rooted in other countries like Africa, Europe, France, London, India, China, etc.
Moreover, in Europe, ArcelorMittal is the largest foreign investor in Ukraine and Bosnia & is also the largest steel producer in Spain, Czech Republic, Poland, Romania. And the group is Luxembourg’s largest private employer.
Steel Producers’ Ranking
Not only that, but Lakshmi Mittal’s company also operates charity foundations in Brazil, Argentina, Liberia and has even contributed to flooding relief in Bosnia. Lakshmi Mittal has certainly created an incredible conglomerate and has traveled a long way from a small village in Rajasthan.
FAQs
Who is the founder of ArcelorMittal?
Lakshmi Mittal is the founder of ArcelorMittal and also serves as its CEO.
Is ArcelorMittal a mining company?
ArcelorMittal is the the world’s leading steel and mining company.
PUBG mobile India was banned by the Government of India last year. However, there have been talks over the social media that the game would have a comeback in the country and there were recently some videos circulated through the social media about the relaunch of PUBG in the country. Let’s look at how PUBG mobile got permission to launch in India again.
The popular battle royale game PUBG mobile India is said to relaunch in India but with a new game and a new title name. According to the teasers which were released on the social media by the developers of the game the new version of the game could be called as Battlegrounds Mobile India.
Battlegrounds Mobile India
This will be an exclusive version of the game which will be launched for Indians. It is seen that the names of PUBG mobile India on YouTube and Facebook have already been changed to Battlegrounds Mobile India. This makes it more likely for the name to be changed. The official launch date of PUBG is still not yet out, but according to a theory there are speculations that it will be released on 10 June.
About the Past Ban
In September 2020 the popular battle royale game PUBG mobile was banned in the country, it was because the license for running the game was held by a Chinese company named Tencent. The reason for the ban was because of the high tension between India and China.
Along with hundreds of Chinese Apps, the Government of India has banned PUBG mobile regarding certain concerns such as prejudicial to sovereignty and integrity of India, security of the state and public order and defense of India.
Since the ban, the developers of PUBG Krafton Inc. have cancelled the license of Tencent and had decided to launch the game under the own name of PUBG Corporation instead of Tencent.
New Guidelines
Approval by the Govt.
PUBG Mobile India has not got any approval to relaunch in India but it is seen that they wouldn’t require any permission to relaunch in the country. It is to be noted that the Government of India has not yet approved the launch of the game in India yet.
The Indian Government had said that it has not provided any permission in order to start a website or mobile apps or any service in the country. They conveyed this information in a reply towards a Right to Information (RTI) query which was enquired by information technology policy portal Medianama.
The above sentence means that the battle royale game PUBG has not received any permission from the Indian Government but it also conveys that the game does not require any prior permission from the Government of India according to the response by the Indian Government.
They wouldn’t require the permission from the government if the game is launched under the new entity and in this case PUBG mobile is planning to launch the game under PUBG Corporation instead of Tencent Games.
None of this has discouraged the company. The company has conveyed that it has plans to set up and start a new subsidiary company in India. The company is expected to have a local office, around 100 employees and is expected to have an investment of USD 100 million.
The registration of the company is a step taken by the company to ensure the government that the information collected by the users of the mobile application will remain inside the borders of the country. The company is said to have signed a deal with Microsoft for Azure cloud since they have two functional data servers in the country.
FAQ
Why was PUBG banned in India?
The reason that PUBG Mobile India was banned was India-China standoff at Line of Actual Control (LAC) and the presence of the Chinese entity – Tencent.
When was PUBG banned in India?
PUBG was banned in India on September 2, 2020, along with another 117 Chinese apps.
Is PUBG relaunching in India?
Yes South Korean gaming company Krafton will relaunch the India version of its popular game – PlayerUnknown’s Battlegrounds (PUBG), for mobile users in a new avatar called Battlegrounds Mobile India.
Conclusion
The reason why the Government of India has not given permission may be because the version is banned by the Government and giving permission for one company would give hopes for other companies since they would also provide hopes for others.
Flipkart which is owned by Walmart has announced that it will cover insurance for all its platform sellers in India and waive additional fees. The announcement was made after Amazon’s announcement which said that it would reduce 50 % of the referral fees which the sellers on Amazon’s platform are required to pay this month. Let’s look at the details of the insurance cover provided by Flipkart to its sellers.
Flipkart which is owned by Walmart has announced that it would not charge cancellation and storage fees from its sellers that are listed on their platform. They also announced that they would be providing insurance coverage to its sellers.
The main reason behind this step is to maintain a strong and friendly relationship with its seller base which is more than 3,00,000. Flipkart is the top most e-commerce platform in India and during this unexpected phase due to the global pandemic and increase in the number of Covid-19 cases in India, they are looking to support the sellers who are facing severe disruption.
Details of the Insurance
As several Indian states have imposed a strict restriction on the movement of individuals and cut down the selling of non-essential items on the e-commerce platforms, the Bangalore headquartered company on 7 May 2021 had announced that it would reduce the storage fees of sellers who are using the fulfillment centers of Flipkart and they are also reducing the cancellation fee till the end of this month.
The company had announced that it would bear a 100% premium for Covid insurance to all the sellers that are listed on their digital platform. The company conveyed that they would cover a consultation fees and hospitalization fees in between INR 50,000 and INR 3,00,000.
Flipkart had also announced that the company is making it easier for sellers to access working capital from the firm without any increase or addition on the cost.
The company has also taken a step to increase the period for Seller Protection Fund from 14 days to 30 days in order to make claims on returned products. Flipkart also conveyed that they would make their policies and performance metrics much easier for the sellers so that the state-wise lockdown doesn’t affect them.
Additional Steps taken by Flipkart
The company has announced that it has partnered with Vriddhi, which is a Supplier Development Programme in India by Walmart. The main aim of the programme is to host webinars for the small businesses in order to share the best practices which will help them to stay afloat during the crisis and ensure the safety of their workforce.
Jagjeet Harode who is the senior director and the head of the marketplace at Flipkart had conveyed in the statement that in these testing times, it is the company’s consistent efforts to support the seller partners who are facing a lot of challenges relating to operation in the country due to the pandemic.
He also added that as a democratic marketplace, the company would want to make sure that lakhs of seller partners would be able to continue their operations and keep their economic engines running.
FAQ
Is flipkart delivering non essentials?
Amazon and Flipkart have suspended delivery of non-essential items
Who is the founder of Flipkart?
Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal are the founders of Flipkart.
What is the revenue of Flipkart in 2020?
346.1 billion Indian rupees
Conclusion
India has been witnessing a huge increase in the infections and has recorded the highest single day spike in the number of cases around the world. The lockdowns implemented in various states and the major metro cities in the country have affected the e-commerce firms and their sellers. This would be a great initiative from the company in order to support their seller base in the country.
The concept of brand endorsements by celebrities has become a rage in the world, every big company wants to sign top celebrities as their brand ambassador. This is because it is a profitable marketing strategy as the brand uses the celebrity’s glamour and popularity to market their products and services. Having a global celebrity will help the company reach its target audience.
Which is why celebrities like Priyanka Chopra, that have a foothold in the global audience are always in demand by both Indian and international brands. Priyanka Chopra Jonas is an Indian actress, model, singer and recently a film producer. Priyanka is one of the highest paid actresses in the country and has also won the world renowned pageant, Miss World in 2000.
The actress has won many awards and accolades such as Filmfares, National Film Awards and was also honored with Padma Shri by the Indian Government. According to Forbes, Priyanka Chopra is in the list of The 100 most influential people in the world. Priyanka is known for work in movies such as 7 Khoon Maaf, Barfi, Mary Kom, Dil Dhadakne Do, Kaminey, Bajirao Mastani, The Sky is Pink, The White Tiger, etc.
She is also played the role of a main character in the American thriller series Quantico. Besides her acting career, Priyanka has released three singles, given her vocals for songs in the movie and has also producer some well-known movies.
The actress is known to charge over 5 crore and even Rs. 2 crores for an Instagram post for brand promotion. The brand value of the actress is estimated to be Rs. 2.65 billion, with a net worth of $50 million in 2021.
The actress has endorsed brands such as Bumble, Pepsi, Pantene, Nokia, Assam Tourism, Garnier, TAG Heuer, Nirav Modi, Appy Fizz, UNICEF, Beats by Dre, Schmitten Luxury Chocolates, Lux, Xpert Dish Wash, Colgate, Pro-Ease, Hero MotoCorp, Josco, LYF Smart Phones, Idea Spice Phones, Marvel Tea Yellow, Q Linq, Ponds, Bru, Rajnigandha silver pearls, Blenders pride, Nikon, Sunsilk, Asmi, J Hampstead, Unnati Fortune among others.
Lets look at the List of the brands endorsed by Priyanka Chopra
Appy Fizz
Appy Fizz is a carbonated apple juice brand that is under Parle Agro. The company introduced Appy Fizz in 2005 after the success of the Appy another apply juice brand popular in India. Parle Agro launched a similar drink Grappo Fizz a carbonated grape juice, which failed because of a campaign.
Appy Fizz is also manufactured and marketed in countries like Bangladesh by Global Beverage Co Ltd. under license from Parle Agro. Priyanka became the brand ambassador of the brand in 2016 and has appeared in many ad commercial endorsing the brand.
Parle Agro came up with a multimedia campaign featuring Priyanka and the South Indian star Jr.NTR in order to create a tremendous buzz among the current generation. With Priyanka endorsing Appy Fizz, the brand has repositioned itself very bold, memorable and a cult brand.
Nirav Modi Jewels
Nirav Modi was one of the top luxury diamond jeweler known for its diamond studded jewelry. The brand was known for its collection of bracelets, earrings, necklaces, pendates, rings, etc.
At the time Priyanka was made the brand ambassador she said that, “My association with Nirav Modi is like meeting of minds in many ways. We are both proud of our Indian heritage and are also united by the idea of bringing a modern Indian to the global forefront.”
Priyanka became the brand ambassador and hasappeared in an ad commercial along with actor Siddhrath Malhotra, but terminated her three year contact in the light of the allegations of financial fraud against Nirav Modi.
Bumble is an American social media company that is known for its online dating app that facilitates communication between interested users. One of the most unique feature of the app is that in heterosexual matches, only the female users can make the first contact with matched male users, while in same sex matches both can send a message first.
The company was founded by Whitney Wolfe Herd and is a competitor to Tinder another dating app in the Indian and international market. As of 2021, the app has over 42 million monthly users across 150 countries and is valued at $1billion according to Forbes.
Priyanka not only endorses the app but also acts as a partner, advisor, and investor of the company. With the help of Priyanka, Bumble has expanded in the country and has also made women feel safe using dating apps in India. Commenting on her investment in the company the actress said that “I’ve always believed that investing in women is key to social transformation and economic growth.”
Pantene
Pantene is a world famous brand of hair care products that are owned by Procter and Gamble. The company was originally started in 1945 by Hoffmann La Roche. Pantene was purchased by Procter and Gamble in 1985 in order to compete in the Beauty products market.
The brand is known for its products such as 2-in-1 shampoo and conditioning formula like Pantene Pro-V. Priyanka became the company’s global brand ambassador, making her the first Indian actor to represent the brand globally.
In an interview the actress said that she is excited to be the new global ambassador for Pantene. She also added that the brand is a favorite around the world and she loves that Pantene celebrates and advocates that being strong is beautiful.
Garnier is one of the top cosmetics brands that belongs to the French cosmetic conglomerate L’Oreal. The brand is known for hair and skin care products and has so far branded its image as a healthy beauty expert by providing nature based solutions to combat pollution, acne UV and fatigue.
The company sells its products in numerous countries worldwide with products targeting for different skin types and cultures. Priyanka was the brand ambassador of Garnier and has been featured in commercials endorsing the Garnier Light Ultra Intense Fairness Moisturizer in both the print and television campaign.
But over past years priyanka has expressed her regret over appearing in adverts for skin-lightening cosmetics. In an interview, priyanka called the ponds and garnier fairness endorsements to be one of her profound regrets and apologized for the same.
Colgate
The Colgate Palmolive Limited is an American company which is a leader in India when it comes to scientifically proven oral care products. The company is known for its products its wide range of products such as toothbrushes, dental floss, tooth powder, mouthwash and other specialized range of dental therapies.
The Colgate Palmolive India Ltd was initially incorporated in 1937. Priyanka Chopra became Colgate brand ambassador and has also been featured in it campaigns and ads endorsing its Colgate Active Salt Neem’s toothpaste that recommends proper oral care.
Eric Jumbert the marketing director of Colgate-Palmolive (India) Limited said that the company found the actress to be the perfect fit to be the company’s brand ambassador as she has inspiring personality and global superstar who embodies our brand values so well.
LYF pronounced as Life is is one of the top mobile companies in India. Also known as Reliance LYF, the Indian smartphone manufacturer has its headquarters based in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The company is a subsidiary of Jio which is owned by Reliance Industries.
LYF has also became the country’s fifth largest smartphone player and the second largest LTE phone supplier. The company signed Priyanka Chopra as it brand ambassador for LYF smartphones in 2016.
The actress has been a part of many multimedia campaigns. The company made a commercial featuring Priyanka showcasing the newest smartphone, LYF Earth 2. The actress also tweeted an ad for the phone, where she is seen explaining the features of the device in the most natural way.
Schmitten Luxury Chocolates
Schmitten Chocolates is a surat based chocolate brand that is owned by Rajhans Group. The brand has grown to become one of the well-known names in the luxury chocolate business. With the brands such as Schmitten and Hoppits, Rajhans group has got a turnover Rs 300 crore in just four years of its launch.
Luxury Chocolates are available in dark and milk chocolates with seven different variants. The company is planning to expand it and is expecting sales worth Rs 1,000 crore from chocolates.
Which is why the group choose Priyanka as the brand ambassador for the schmitten brand. The actress has appeared in many of its commercials endorsing its luxury chocolates.
The Assam state government signed an agreement with the international star Priyanka Chopra to become a brand ambassador for Assam tourism in 2016. The actress was featured in the Awesome Assam Campaign which showcased the actress exploring and enjoying her stay while attending a friend’s wedding in Assam.
The Awesome Assam campaign was launched in 2017 by the Assam Tourism board in order to boost the tourism sector in the state. The campaign focused on the one-horned rhino, Assam Tea and the mighty Brahmaputra.
Xpert Dish Wash
Xpert is a dishwash brand that is owned by RSPL Group. The brand has a history of television advertisements that portray how its products have made the life of homemakers easier. The brand signed Priyanka Chopra as its brand ambassador and with the help of priyanka the brand wants to attract more customers and make it reach its target audience.
Priyanka Chopra Jonas is one of the most popular an Indian actress, model, singer and recently a film producer.
What is the brand value of Priyanka Chopra?
The brand value of Priyanka Chopra is estimated to be Rs. 2.65 billion.
What are the main brands endorsed by Priyanka Chopra?
The main brands endorsed by Priyanka Chopra are Bumble, Assam Tourism, Garnier, Nirav Modi, Appy Fizz, Xpert Dish Wash, Colgate, LYF Smart Phones, Schmitten Luxury Chocolates, Pantene, etc.
What are the other brands endorsed by Priyanka Chopra?
The other brands endorsed by Priyanka Chopra are Pepsi, Nokia, TAG Heuer, UNICEF, Beats by Dre, Lux, Pro-Ease, Hero MotoCorp, Josco, Idea Spice Phones, Marvel Tea Yellow, Q Linq, Ponds, Bru, Rajnigandha silver pearls, Blenders pride, Nikon, Sunsilk, Asmi, J Hampstead, Unnati Fortune among others.
How much does Priyanka Chopra charge for brand endorsement?
Priyanka Chopra is known to charge over Rs. 2 crores for an Instagram post for brand promotion.
What is the net worth of Priyanka Chopra?
The net worth of Priyanka Chopra is over $50 million as of 2021.
Conclusion
From being crowned as the Miss World to getting married to Nick Jonas, the actress been the face for various brands worldwide. Priyanka Chopra is currently one the most talked about Indian people in the world as she has established a food hold in the Hollywood by playing lead roles in top rated movies. Priyanka is also the second highest most followed Indian on social media platform after Virat Kohli.
Another reason for her being in demand in the advertising world is that the actress has earned a name for herself in the world with hard work and perseverance which are key requirement for a brand ambassador. The global fame has led the actress to work with many Indian and international brands, ranging from gadget to cell phone to cosmetic products to watches and with the current pace of her growing popularity the list is bound to get longer.
Graphic designing is a perennial job. It’s never going to fade away. This post covers graphic designing overview by answering questions like what is graphic design and what a graphic designer does. What would school and school work look like if you opt for graphic designing? What are the future prospects?
With the improvement in the all-around demand for design services, the Indian design enterprise is also evolving to the next level. The Indian graphics business is expected to grow up to a whopping INR 188.32 billion by 2020. As per the Bureau of Labor Statistics (United States) report, approximately 5% growth can be expected in graphic services by 2026.
Graphic Designing involves finding a creative solution for someone else’s need. There are several examples of graphic design in the real world: packaging, movie poster design, restaurant menus, and graphics on the web are some. Anything and everything that has pictorial creativity and is pleasing to the eye was made by a graphic designer.
Overview of Graphic Designing
Is Graphic Designing A Great Career?
Honestly, the answer is totally up to you. If you are creative, think of art as your passion, and you feel like you have an eye for design, then graphic designing is a good choice.
Do not take up graphic design if you want to start your t-shirt company. However, graphic designing is not a bed of roses. Nagging customers who don’t hesitate to criticize accompany a graphic designer’s job description. Moreover, you need to stay in touch with the latest developments in fonts, types, templates, and what not. Tools meant for graphic designing undergo continual updates. So you need to stay abreast of those developments as well. Join classes or look up graphic design work online to learn more about the trade. Practice is necessary to reach close to perfection.
Like any other career path, being a graphic designer has its pros and cons. But one who knows his work well will succeed big in the industry of graphic designing.
If I want to be a graphic designer do I need to learn to code?
Does one need to take graphic design classes in college?
I don’t know how to draw but should I still apply for a graphic design major?
These questions will strike you. You cannot ignore them. Well, formal education in any domain strengthens an individual’s knowledge and concepts in that field. However, going to college for gaining expertise in graphic designing isn’t a necessity. It will take more discipline and structured approach to become a graphic designer if you opt to skip graphic designing related education.
A graphic designer uses amazing tools (Adobe Photoshop, Gimp, etc.) and software to create mind-blowing creative solutions. So coding for a graphic designer equates to having in-depth knowledge about such tools. Drawing on paper can only fetch you limited clients. Hence, you need to think beyond drawing and designing on paper.
Anyone genuinely interested in graphic designing knows the basics of drawing. So if you don’t know how to draw, it’s going to take really long to reach an amateur level as a graphic designer. And long here refers to several years.
Different art schools teach different things with the same fundamentals. You start with basic classes. Classes get more involved and engaging as you move forward. You will be taking reds in layouts, typography, package design, and branding through logos, corporate identity, and advanced illustration.
It’s not going to be easy. For example, math is very difficult but at the end of the day, everything is solvable and has a solution. Same applies to graphic designing coursework. The projects will be challenging and time consuming. A big part of learning graphic design is learning to take pictures. If you are going to graphic design, you need to learn what and how to improvise through creativity.
Schoolwork will involve extensive re-work and redesign. Don’t ever take critiques and comments personally; they are meant to improve your work. Listen to the teachers, they will tell them you should change this and that. Be prepared to grow a thick skin. Your lines and colors may be condemned, the layout may be discarded on first glance. It all comes down to grasping the limitations and then improving them.
Seek inspiration from websites like Behance. The works of others will give rise to new ideas and perspective. Find out what inspires you and then find the resources to give it shape.
Internships
The best time to get an internship is when you are midway while pursuing your college or at the end. The probability of securing internship increases manifolds based on your portfolio. To get an internship, you need a good portfolio. Don’t stress about this too much while you are in school. The fundamental problems that you do are not going to end up as your portfolio pieces, but value your portfolio and keep refining it. It’s a reflection of your work quality and capabilities.
You need a resume in addition to a portfolio. It doesn’t have to be over-the-top but needs to attest to your history. A resume is your background check.
If your internship advisors get impressed by your work, they may offer you a full-time job opportunity. If you are not able to secure the job offer post the internship, don’t fret. The experience gained as an intern is invaluable.
Freelancing versus working for a big company, you choose the career trajectory after college. As a freelancer, you aren’t restricted to an office setup and remain your own boss. Unlike working at an office, there’s no concept of fixed income as a freelancer. It’s also hard to find clients at times in the absence of a strong network. You can start your own freelancing career as a graphic designer after thoroughly weighing the pros and cons.
If you are a tad apprehensive about freelancing, start with a full-time job. There are several openings for graphic designing on websites like LinkedIn. It’s all about finding the right match.
To be honest, experience helps. In case you have received formal education in graphic designing, any kind of internship and projects help from an experience perspective helps. It really helps if you have a degree.
In case you don’t have a degree in graphic designing nor any kind of part-time or internship experience, having a solid portfolio is the only way to get that first client. Improvise on the designs made by others, come up with out-of-the-box illustrations, and most importantly, be ready for rejections. After all, failure is the stepping stone to success.
FAQs
What do graphic designers do?
A graphic designer creates graphic design and graphic arts with the use of computer software. They assemble images, typography, or motion graphics to communicate ideas and concepts.
What is exactly graphic design?
Graphic design is visual content created by professionals using pictures and typography to communicate messages in an interactive way.
Purbalee Dutta
